Pibrary of the Museum OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS, Founded by private subscription, in 1861. any ae peasy, eh LN sade 2 25-4 7 = bo iy bat a wx DtTR yeti " <a a T by, A amber iat. . 13) din 4“ ba te yuan 4 4 A | Tis . i | ar +f , ay Brats. cTia Pests ‘ Ae oy Lins! $ 4 \ealii<. tin ee rie P : s pry \ : t a. Th. * . i v Mali ge iy? xs fr 4 : oll * < * a 4 tr : tarry ‘ oFs q Ls 4 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. NAME AND OBJECTS. The association shall be called the Cambridge Entomological Club, and its object shall be to cultivate the study of Entomology. ARTICLE II. ELECTION OF MEMBERS. Members may be chosen at any regular meeting, after nomination, in g, and the affirmative top) vote of two-thirds of the members present shall be necessary to a choice. ARTICLE III. RIGHTS OF RESIDENT MEMBERS. writing, by two members at a preceding meetin Members residing in the neighborhood of Cambridge shall alone be entitled to vote or to hold office, or shall be subject to the payment of fees. ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS. The officers shall be a President, Secretary, Treasurer, and an Exec- utive Committee of five, of which the President, Secretary and Treas- urer shall be members ex officiis. ARTICLE V. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. Officers shall be chosen by ballot at a meeting designated for the purpose at least three weeks in advance, and a majority of the votes cast shall be sufficient for a choice. ARTICLE VI. AMENDMENTS. The Constitution may be altered or amended by a two-thirds vote to that effect at any regular meeting of the Club, after a written proposi- tion at a preceding meeting. BY-LAWS. ARTICLE I. FEES. The entrance fee shall be two dollars, and an assessment of the same amount shall be due January first of each year. The President and Treasurer may, at their discretion, exempt a member from assessment. ARTICLE II. TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP. Members may withdraw from the Club by giving written notice of their intention and paying all arrearages due. A delay in the payment of any fee shall work forfeiture of membership, unless said fee is paid within one month after a written notice to that effect given at the end of the year. ARTICLE ITI. MEETINGS AND PROCEEDINGS. Regular meetings of the Club shall be held on the second Friday of each month from October to June. Five members shall form a quorum for business. Officers shall be elected at the January meeting ; at this meeting the retiring President shall give an address suitable to the occa- sion, the Secretary a written statement of the annual progress of the Club, and the Treasurer an account of its financial condition. ARTICLE IV. PUBLICATIONS. The Club will publish a periodical, entitled Psycun, the general char- acter of which shall be determined by the Club, and one or more Edi- tors shall be chosen at the annual meeting. ARTICLE V. P DUTIES OF OFFICERS. The duties of the President, Secretary and Treasurer shall be those ordinarily required of such officers. The Executive Committee of five shall be the governing board of the Club in the intervals between the meetings ; the members of this Committee chosen at large shall audit the accounts of the Treasurer. The Library shall be in charge of the Secretary. ARTICLE VI. AMENDMENTS. The By-Laws of the Club may be altered, added to, or amended by a majority vote of the members present at any meeting ; provided that they shall have been duly notified, at the previous meeting, of an inten- ded change. j Olt ar Wee 0b Site Mw hil . eo) Bees hak We 7 “nite fie MLR Na ar rea | ind ‘aap! hi re ow pas “afalt) a if Pini sat , Pera hf pei at see 1 ahi? fs, v) ne tb sie ony ei on wi act Wat fe ‘ey wl . ¢ At ‘ é ed Bre trea ans t 9 .of lieth vt taal fwibreyrr ye) + sineperd ¢ 4 aL etteb ety) lV .unltewss fet; Hr i ae Percrt., ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [Established in 1874. ] VOLUME 3. 1880-1882. EDITED BY G: Dimmockx, Cambridge, Mass.; B: PickKMAN Mann, Washington, D.C.; ALBERT J: Cook, Lansing, Mich. ; CLirForp CuasEe Eaton, Cambridge, Mass.; JosErpH Duncan Putnam, Davenport, [owa; Francis HuNTINGTON Snow. Lawrence, Kansas. CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. PuBIl ISHED BY. GEORGE DiIMMock. 1886. eS, lat page of the succeeding issue; the last proofs of the final pages (part of nos. 10 of volume 3 were sent to the printer 10 Jan. 1887. ar y <\ ‘ > For the contents of this volume arranged in alphabetic order of authors see nos. 2941- 3100 of the Bibliographical record, on pages 421-430. The following list gives an explanation of the initials appended to the different numbers of the Bibliographical record, and, at the same time, serves as a list of persons who have contributed to the record. £: B. Edward Burgess. A. ¥: C. Albert John Cook. A. K. D. Anna Katherina Dimmock. G: D. George Dimmock. H: &. Henry Edwards. C: H: F. Charles Henry Fernald. R. H. Roland Hayward. S: H. Samuel Henshaw. L. O. H. Leland Ossian Howard. B: P. M. Benjamin Pickman Mann. S. H. P. Selim Hobart Peabody. F. D. P. Joseph Duncan Putnam. A. R. Henri Albert Robin. Ff. G: S. Frank George Schaupp. E&. A. S. Eugene Amandus Schwarz. S: H. S. Samuel Hubbard Scudder. R. Th. Roland Thaxter. W; T. William Trelease. H: W. T. Henry Ward Turner. F. M. W. Joseph Martin Wilson. PS Y Glide ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL - CLUB. [ Established in 1874. | . EDITED BY Grorce Dimmock, Cambridge Mass.; B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. ; Apert J: Coox, Lansing, Mich.; Citrrorp Cuase Eaton, Cambridge, Mass. Vol. 3. No. 69. JANUARY 1880. CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS — Acknowledgements : ; : 7 : ; : ‘ . 2 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE Errect oF CoLp APPLIED TO come ALIDS OF BUTTERFLIES —W: H: Edwards. 2 : , : : F : : : : ; ; . 38-6 InrrRopucTORY — Announcement 5 F ; ; : : : ; : ; ; ; a BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Fs ‘ ; : 5 ; : : 8-10 EntromoLocicaL Items — Society Meetings _ tgumetearals ; : - - - root ADVERTISEMENTS — Notice : , Z F E ; : ; ’ ‘ : : aera bY CampripGe, Mass., U. S. A.: PusiisHep sy Grorce Dimmock. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 15 c. |Entered as second class mail matter.] os 2 PSYCHE. PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club, RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, . s 3 $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . ae By Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips,) postpaid, . 3 : $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, : 2 ; - : 2 $3. One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper, postpaid, . + x ah Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, if ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions,each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. Ba= Scientific publications desired in exchange. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH— STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. 8a= Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates:— Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . 2 he 60 Quarter “ ‘ “ 125 1.00 Half a £ Cx . 2.25 1.75 One < of Ae 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epitrors oF Psycue, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE. Klaegev’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no. 00-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-6, $1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in packages of 500; smaller lots, 20 cts. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 & 25 & 35 em., 45 cts’ Light mailing boxes, 17 & 22 em., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 380 X 8.5 K 0.5 cm., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8 & 50 mm., 10> 60 mm., 12 * 70 mm., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 cts. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 2214 mm., 35 ets. per 1000; 27x12 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of the under side of Lucanus cervus : each 50 cts. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUTTERFLIES WANTED. The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stages of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Cambridge Entomological Club gratefully acknowledges the receipt of the following contri- butions to the permanent publication fund. Previously acknowledged, $146.85 From S: H. Seudder, Cambridge, Mass. (Sale of specimens) . ~° . 2.60 « . T..Cresson, Philadelphia, Pa. 2.00 « . A. Schwarz, Washington, D.C. 5.50 « HH. F. Bassett, Waterbury, Conn. 80 H.K. Horton, Boston, Mass. 10.00 ee . $167.75 e ee CC EIR. EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECT OF COLD .APPLIED TO CHRYS- ALIDS OF BUTTERFLIES. BY WILLIAM HENRY EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA. 1. In May 1878, I placed many chrys- alids of Papilio ajax, from eggs laid by form walshii, in the ice box. The youngest were aged but 10 to 15 minutes after pu- pation and were still soft ; others were add- ed at intervals up to the age of 24 hours (the chrysalis is hard at about 12 hours), and others yet at 2 days, 3 days and so on to 8 days after pupation. All were re- moved from the box on the same day. The exposure had been from 19 to 5 days, those chrysalids which were put in latest gener- ally having had the shortest exposure. I wished to determine, if possible, whether, in order to effect any change, it was neces- sary that cold should be applied immediate- ly after pupation, or if one or several days might intervene between pupation and ic- - ing. Inasmuch asno color begins to show itself in the pupa till a few hours, or at most a day or two, before the butterfly emerges, I thought it possible that cold applied shortly before that time might be quite as effective as if applied earlier, and particularly very soon after pupation. The result was that more than half the young- est and immature chrysalids died; one which had been exposed at 10 minutes after pupation, two at 1 hour, one at 2 hours, two at 3 hours. On the other hand, one exposed at 15 minutes, one at 2 hours, and one at 12 hours, produced butterflies. The temperature was from 32° to 34° F. [0° to 1° C.] most of the time, rising some- what daily as the ice melted. The nor- mal chrysalis period in this species is from 11 to 14 days, in case the butterfly emerges the same season, but now aud then a single butterfly will emerge several weeks after pupation. The latter is an uncommon oc- currence, however, as usually the chrysa- lids which do not give imagos within 14 days retain them till the following spring. The form which would naturally emerge the first season from these chrysalids is marcellus, but all the overwintering chrys-, alids would produce telamonides or walshii, which latter are the winter forms of the species. If then, from the chrysalids sub- jected to cold, the winter form should emerge the same season, it would be owing to the exposure to cold. On the 14th day after taking the chrysa- lids from the ice, one telamonides emerged, from a chrysalis placed in the ice box 3 days after pupation, and kept there 16 days. 4 PSYCHE. On the 19th day, emerged one telamonides, or a form between that and walshii, from a chrysalis put in the box 12 hours after pu- On the 19th day emerged one walshii, from chrys- alis 2 hours old, and on ice 11 days. All the rest emerged unchanged marcellus, but at periods prolonged in a surprising way : — pation and kept there 11 days. One on 43d day, exposed at 15 minutes. One on 46th day, exposed at 2 hours. One on 53d day, exposed at 24 hours. One on 62d day, exposed at 6 days. One on 63d day, exposed at 4 days. One on 66th day, exposed at 7 days. One on 77th day, exposed at 4 days. One on 81st day, exposed at 12 hours. One on 91st day, exposed at 5 days. One on 96th day, exposed at 19 hours. Five chrysalids lived over until the spring of 1879, when all produced tela- monides. 2. In June 1879, I obtained eggs of the form marcellus, and in due time had from them 104 chrysalids. I placed about one third, or 35, in the ice box, at from 12 to 24 hours after pupation, dividing them into three lots: 1st, 9 chrysalids, kept on ice 14 days; 2nd, 12 chrysalids, 20 days ; 3d, 11 chrysalids, 25 days. and conditions the same as. in experiment No. 1. Of the 69 chrysalids not exposed to cold, 34 gave butterflies at from 11 to 14 days after pupation, and one additional example emerged 11 Aug., or at least 22 days past the regular period. I reserved these chrys- alids that I might be able to compare the butterflies from these with the butterflies from the same lot of eggs, but whose chrys- alids were iced. Of the chrysalids on ice, from lot No. 1, Temperature emerged 4 9 at 84 to 9$ days after removal from the ice, and 5 are now living and will pass the winter. From lot No. 2, emerged 1 % 5 2, at 8 to 9 days; another ? came out at 40 days, and 5 go over the winter. From lot No. 3, emerged 4 , at 9 to 12 days; another % at 54 days, and 6 were found to be dead. In this experiment, I wished to see, as exactly as possible: 1st, in what points changes would occur; 2d, if there would be any change in the shape of the wings, as well as in markings and coloration, — that is, whether the shape might remain that of marcellus, while the markings might be of telamonides or walshii, or a summer form with winter markings — (in previous experiments I had not noted this point so carefully as I wished now to do); 3d, to ascertain more closely than I had yet done what length of exposure to cold was re- quired to bring about a decided change, and what would be the effect of prolonging that period. After my experiments with Phyciodes tharos, as shown in Butterflies of N. A., v. 2, and which had resulted in a suffusion of color, I hoped that I might see a similar change in Papilio ajax, brought about either by the low temperature or pro- longed exposure. I obtained from these chrysalids 11 per- fect butterflies, 1 6 10 2. Some others emerged crippled, and these I rejected, as it was not possible to make out their mark- ings satisfactorily. From lot No. 1, 14 days: 1 ¢ between marcellus and tela- monides, 2 2 murcellus. These latter were pale colored, the light parts a dirty white, the submarginal lunules on hind wing only two in number and small, at anal angle one large and one small red spot, and the frontal hairs very short. _ PSYCHE. 5 The black of the first, or imtermediate, female was also pale, but the light parts were more green and less sordid; there were three large lunules, the anal red spot was double and connected as in telamoni- des, the frontal hairs were short as in marcellus. I find these the most salient points for comparing the several forms of P.ajazx. In nature there is much difference in shape also between marcellus and tela- monides, still more between marcellus and walshii, and the latter may be distinguished readily from telamonides by the white tips of the black tails. In telamonides the white edges both sides of the tail. Walshii is smaller and the anal spot is larger and edged with white on upper side, and the frontal hairs are long and brush-like and black. In marcellus they are very short and with much yellow; in telamonides they are of a length between the other two, black with yellow next the eyes. From lot No. 2, 20 days, came: 1 2 marcellus, with single red spot; 1 @ between marcellus and telamonides, the colors pale, the lunules all obsolescent, two large red spots but not connected, frontal hairs of medium length, as in telamonides ; 1 2 between marcellus and telamonides, color not pale, but black and green, three lunules, two large red spots, frontal hairs short; 1 @ telamonides, colors black and green, four lunules, a large double and connected red spot, frontal hairs medium ; 2 2 telamonides, colors like last, three and four lunules, two large red spots, not connected, frontal hairs medium. From lot No 3, 25 days: 1 % telamon- ides, clear colors, four large lunules, one large and one small red spot, frontal hairs long; 1 @ telamonides, of medium color, four lunules, large double and connected red spot, frontal hairs long. In general shape all are marcellus, the wings produced, the tails long. By which it appears that those exposed 25 days were fully changed ; of those ex- posed 20 days, three were fully, two partly changed, and one not at all. Of those ex- posed 14 days, one partly, two not at all. The butterflies from this lot of 104 chrysalids, but which were not subjected to cold, were put in papers as they emerged. Taking 6 % 6 2 from the papers, as they came to hand, I spread them and compared with the iced examples. Of the 6 &,4 have one red anal spot only, 2 have one large and one small; 4 have two green submarginal lunules on hind wing, 2 have three, and these latter have a fourth, which is obsolescent, at outer angle ; all have short frontal hairs. Of the 6 2, 5 have but one red spot, 1 has one large and one small spot; 5 have two lunules only, 1 has three; all have short frontal hairs. Comparing 6 of the females from the iced chrysalids, being those in which a de- cided change occurred, with the 6 females not iced : — 1. All the former have the colors more intense, the black blacker, the light, green. 2. In 5 of the former the green lunules on hind wings are decidedly larger; 3 of the 6 have four distinct lunules, 1 has three, 1 has three, and a fourth, at outer angle, obsolescent. Of the 6 not iced, none have four, 2 have two, and a third, being the lowest of the row, obsolescent, 3 have three, the lowest being very small, 1 has three and a fourth, at outer angle, obsolescent. 3. In all the former the subapical spot on fore wing and the stripe on same wing which crosses cell inside the common black band, are distinct and green; in all the latter these marks are either obscure or obsolescent. 4. In4of the former there is a large double and connected red spot at anal angle, and in 1 of them it is edged on its upper side by white ; 2 have one large and one small red spot. Of the latter, 5 have one spot only, and the 6th has one spot and a red dot. 5. The former have all the black por- tions of the wing of deeper color but of less extent—the bands being narrower; on the other hand, the green bands are wider as well as deeper and clearer colored. Measuring the width of the outermost common green band along middle of upper median interspace on fore wing in tenths of a millimetre, I find it as follows : — On iced chrysalids, 81, 66, 76, 76, 66, 66. On not iced, 56, 56, 51, 51, 46, 51. Measuring the common black discal band along middle of lower median inter- space on same wing : — On the iced, 51, 66, 51, 51, 56, 61. On the not iced, 76, 71, 66, 63, 71, 76. In other words, the natural examples are more melanic than the others. I find no difference in length of tails or in the length and breadth of the wings. The cold has produced no effect in the shape of the wings. Comparing 1 male from the iced chrys- alids with the 6 males not iced : — 1. The former is bright colored; 2 of the latter are the same, 4 have the black pale, the light pale and sordid. 2. The former has four lunules; 3 of the latter have three, 3 have two only. PSYCHE. 3. The former has a large double con- nected red anal spot, edged with white; 3 of the latter have but one red spot, 2 have one large and one small spot, 1 has one large red spot and a red dot. 4. The former has the subapical spot and stripe in cell clear green; 1 of the lat- ter has the same, 5 have these obscure or obsolescent. Looking over all, of both sexes, in both lots, the iced and not iced, the largeness of the green submarginal lunules on fore wings in the iced examples is conspicuous as compared with all the others, — though this feature is included in the general wid- ening of the green bands spoken of. In all my experiments at any time made with P. ajax, if any change at all has been produced by cold, it is seen in the enlarg- ing or doubling of the red anal spot, and in the increased number of clear green lunules on hind wings. Almost always the frontal hairs are lengthened, the color of the wings deepened. So also the extent of the black area is diminished. All these changes are in the direction of telamo- nides, or the winter form. That the effect of cold is not simply to precipitate the emerging of the winter form, making the butterfly which would naturally leave its chrysalis in the succeed- ing spring to emerge in the season in which it fed as a caterpillar, is evident from the fact that the shape is always that of the summer form, while the markings are of the winter form. Those chrysalids which go over the winter, on the other hand, do not have the summer form, but the winter, and the markings agreeing thereto, just as in examples in nature. On these the cold has produced no effect whatever. (To be continued on p. 15.) PSYCHE. 7 PSYCHE. JANUARY CAMBRIDGE, MASS., 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. : For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad- vertising columns. INTRODUCTORY. THE THIRD volume of Psycue will ap- pear in the form in which this numero is given to the public. With the improve- ments which this change of form admits in the BrstioGRAPHICAL RECORD, and the increased amount of matter presented to the public in each numero, the editors hope to make Psycue still more acceptable than it has been heretofore to its readers. Although the Campripce EnTromo.oert- cau Crus, of which Psycue is the official organ, is a society bearing a local name, its members are chosen without local limi- tation, and Psycue will endeavor to repre- sent the interests of scientific entomology wherever pursued, and to advance, impar- tially, the welfare of all societies having the same objects in view. Systematic or descriptive, and economic entomology are fields so well occupied al- ready by other American entomological publications, that Psycue is justified in de- voting itself, as heretofore, to the general anatomy and physiology of arthropoda and to bibliographical and biological entomol- ogy. Faunal lists, heretofore sparingly admitted in Psycue, will hereafter be ex- cluded, not because they lack in value, but because they are of no interest to the ma- jority of the readers to whom Psycue pro- poses to address itself. More attention than heretofore will be given in Psycue to items concerning the latest scientific discoveries in entomology, the proceedings of societies, and the doings of entomologists. Brief items, and con- densed abstracts of the proceedings of sci- entific societies in all parts of the world, so far as they are related to general entomol- ogy, would be thankfully received by the editors. Official notices of the times of meetings of entomological societies will be inserted in our column devoted to that pur- pose, free of charge. The Brsri0oGRAPHICAL ReEcorD, in con- sequence of the new arrangement, will contain yearly about three times as many references as heretofore, and these will be given ina much more convenient form. It will be compiled by a larger number of workers, guided by printed rules to secure uniformity, and will be much more com- plete than any similar record ever before attempted. In order to perfect this record the editors respectfully request copies of miscellaneous papers containing entomol- ogical articles that would naturally other- wise be overlooked. Ga: ANNOUNCEMENT. _ Tue Fepruary numero of Psycue will contain a list, complete as the editors can make it, of the entomological writers who have died during the year 1879. G. D. 8 [1447-1453] PSYCHE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets [], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. A colon after initial designates the most common given name, as : A: Augustus; B: Benjamin; C: Charles; D: David; E: Edward ; F: Frederic ; G: George ; H: Henry ; I: Isaac ; J: John; K: Karl; L: Louis ; M: Mark; N: Nicholas; O: Otto; P: Peter; R: Richard; S: Samuel ; The initials at the end of each record, or note, are those of the recorder, and will be explained at the Unless otherwise stated each record is made directly from the work that is noticed. liam. end of each volume. T: Thomas ; W: Wil- When there are not sufficient titles of current papers to fill the space allotted to the Record, earlier ento- mological publications will be recorded. In this way it is expected to include, finally, in the Record, all titles of papers not included in Hagen’s Bibliotheca entomologica, which treat of North American or general entomology, and all papers on entomology published in North America. Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. The tsetse fly. African insect scourge (The). y. 10, p. 74-75, (Journ. applied sci., May 1879, 52 cm.) Notice. (Psyche advert., July 1879, p. 7-8.) Habits of glossina morsitans, mostly compiled from the works of Dr. David Livingstone. G: (1447) Ashmead, W: H. On a new psocus. (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 228-229.) Describes ps. citricola n. sp. ; habits of ne. B: P.M. (1448) |Blatta orientalis used for dropsy.] (New remedies, March 1879, v. 8, p. 67, 6 cm.) (Psyche advert., May-June 1879, p. 8.) G: D. (1449) Blue grasshoppers. (“Esmeralda herald,” .. .) ({D.] times-review, Tuscarora, Elko Co., Nev., 17 Sept. 1879, v. 4, no. 67, p. [8], col. 34, 5 cm.) Occurrence of locusts ‘‘ with wings and the under part of the body of a pale blue or lavender color ”’ at Esmeralda, Nev. B: P.M. (1450) Brandt, Eduard. Ueber die Metamorphosen des Nervensystems der Insecten. Mit 2 pho- tolithographirten Tafeln. Separatabdruck aus den “ Horae societatis entomologicae ros- sicae.” Bd. xv, 1879. St. Petersburg, 1879. t.-p. cover, 11 p., 25 X 17, t 18 X 10.8, pl. 5-6, dl X 21. A general and comparative view of the metamorphoses of the nervous system of insects of the different orders. The author’s researches were upon ‘*62”’ species of insects, distributed as follows: hymenoptera, oes coleoptera, 12; lepidoptera, 8; diptera, 12; archiptera, 2; neuroptera, 1: Literature 119 ¢ titles). Figures the metamorphoses of the nervous system in sarcophaga carnaria, syrphus ribesii, stratiomys chamaeleon, melolontha vulgaris, acilius sulca- tus, and formica rufa. ~ G: D. (1451) Brandt, Eduard. Untersuchungen iiber das Nervensystem der Dipteren. |Separatabdruck aus den “‘ Horae societatis entomologicae ros- sicae.” Bd. xiv., 1879.] St. Petersburg, 1879. 4 p., 25 X 16, t 18 X 10.8, pl. 1-4. A brief summary of the results recorded in E. Brandt’s “*Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen tiber das Ner- vensystem der Zweifliigler (Diptera).”’ G: D. (1452) Brandt, Eduard. Vergleichend-anatomische Skizze des Nervensystems der Insekten. Mit 2 photolithographirten Tafeln. Separatab- druck aus den “ Horae societatis entomologi- cae rossicae.” Bd. xv [? xiv], 1879. St. Pe- tersburg, 1879. t-p. cover, 17 p., 25 17, t 18 X 10.8, pl. 3-4. Distribution of nerves and ganglia. Some insects have no infraoesophageal ganglia. Convolutions of the brain are found in every order of insects, and sometimes differ between individuals of the same species. The size of the supraoesophageal ganglion is very different in different in- sects, and is larger the more the faceted eyes are developed. It is incorrect to call the supraoesophageal ganglia alone the brain; the development shows that the supraoesopha- geal and infracesophageal ganglia, together, form the brain, or head-portion of the nervous system. The nerves of the labrum do not arise from the under surface of the supra- oesophageal ganglion, but from the oesophageal ring. Dis- tribution of the thoracic and abdominal ganglia. The number of ganglia differ, not only in different species but also in the different individuals of a species, according to sex. The last abdominal ganglion is not, in all insects, the most complicated; the penultimate is often the most com- plicated abdominal ganglion (e. g., in the worker of apis mellijica); the first is the most complicated abdominal ganglion in some insects (e. g.,in carabus). No insect, vor larva, has as many nerve-ganglia as it has body-segments ; only in embryos do the number of body-segments and ganglia agree. Sympathetic system. Classification and explanation of the principal types of nerve-systems in em- bryos, in larvae, andinimagos. Morphological signification of different ganglia. Literature (44 titles). Illustrates the different types of nerve-system by 25 schematic figures ; figures the nerve-systems of bombus muscorum and apis mellifica. G: D. (1458) PSYCHE. Brandt, Eduard. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen iiber das Nervensystem der Hemipteren. Mit 1 photolithographirten Ta- fel. Separatabdruck aus den “Horae socie- tatis entomologicae rossicae.” Bd. xiv, 1879. St. Petersburg, 1879. t.-p. cover, 10 p., 25 X 17, t 18 X 10.8, pl. 4, 31 X 21. General characters, development, and classification into 5 types, of the nervous system of hemiptera, based on the study of 70 species. Literature (17 titles). Figures the nervous system of 11 species. G: D. (1454) Brandt, Eduard. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen iiber das Nervensystem der Hymenopteren. Mit 1 [4] photolithographir- ten Tafel[n]. Separatabdruck aus den “ Horae societatis entomologicae rossicae.” Bd. xiv, 1879. St. Petersburg, 1879. t.-p. cover, 20 p., 25 X 17, t 18 X 10.8, pl. 7-10. General characters, development, and classification into 10 types, of the nervous system of hymenoptera, based on the study of 260 species, of 31 larvae, and of its metamor- phoses in 15 species. Literature (46 titles). Figures the nervous system of 10 species, its metamorphoses in 2 spe- cies, and gives 13 figures of much enlarged separate por- tions. G: D. (1455) Brandt, Eduard. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen iiber das Nervensystem der Kifer, Coleoptera. Mit 5 photolithographirten Tafeln. Separatabdruck aus den “ Horae so- cietatis entomologicae rossicae.” Bd. xy, 1879. St. Petersburg, 1879. t.-p. cover, 17 p., 25 X 17, t 18 x 10.8, pl. 10-12. General characters, development, and classification into 4 types, of the nervous system of coleoptera, based upon a study of 235 species, of 36 species in the larval, and 12 in the pupal state. Literature (43 titles). Figures the ner- vous system of 24 species, of 3 larvae, and its metamor- phoses in 2 species. G: D. (1456) Brandt, Eduard. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen iiber das Nervensystem der Lepidopteren. Mit 1 photolithographirten Ta- fel. Separatabdruck aus den “ Horae socie- tatis entomologicae rossicae.” Bd. xy, 1879. St. Petersburg, 1879. t.-p. cover, 16 p., 25 x 17, t 18 x 10.8, pl. 14, 87 X 31. General characters, development, classification into 4 types, and characters in the principal families, of the ner- yous system of lepidoptera, based upon a study of 118 spe- cies, of 42 larvae, and its metamorphoses in 8 species. Lit- erature (81 titles). Figures the nervous system of odonestis tatoria J, orgyia antiqua 2, zygaena trifolii 9, hepiolus umuli 2, of young and of full-grown larva of cossus ligni- perda; its metamorphoses in vanessa urticae. G: D. (1457) Brandt, Eduard. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen iiber das Nervensystem der Zweifliigler, Diptera. Mit 4 photolithograph- irten Tafeln. Separatabdruck aus den “ Ho- rae societatis entomologicae rossicae.” Bd. xv, 1879. St. Petersburg, 1879. t.-p. cover, 18 p., 25 X 17, t 18 X 10.8, pl. 15-18. General characters, development, characters in different families, and classification into 6 types, of the nervous system of diptera, based upon a study of 275 species, of 29 species in the larval and of 12 in the pupal state. Fig- ures the nervous system of 26 species, of 5 larvae, and its metamorphoses in 7 species. The results are given more briefly in E. Brandt’s *‘ Untersuchungen iiber das Nerven- system der Dipteren.”’ G: D. (1458) ‘ [1454-1469] 9 Brous, Harry A. Habits of amblychila cylin- driformis. (Trans. Kansas acad. sci., 1877, v. 5, p. 11-12, fig.) Includes description and figure. G: D. (1459) Castor-oil plant [ricinus communis] (The). (Colonies and India, 5 April 1879, suppl., p. 2, 21 cm.) Statement (1 cm.) that bombyx arrindi requires ricinus for food. G: D. (1460) Ceylon coffee blight [hemileia vastatrir| (The). (Colonies and India, 11 Jan. 1879, p. 13,28 cm.) Quotes (3.5 cm.) remarks by Joseph Dalton Hcoker upon the conditions furnished by cultivation of plants for the spread of noxious insects. [Hemileia is a fungus. ] G: D. (1461) Clothes moth (The). (Journ. applied sci., Feb. 1879, v. 10, p. 25-26, 57 cm.) Habits and transformations of tinea tapetzella, t. bisell- iella (or t. crinella), and t. pellionella. Reprinted from The warehouseman. G: D. (1462) Edwards, W: H: [Danais archippus swarm- ing.]| (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 239.) Quotes a statement from A. H. Mundt that large num- bers of d. archippus remained congregated on the branches of a tree for some days in Sept. 1879, at Fairbury, Ill. B: P. M. (1463) Edwards, W: H: Description of a new spe- cies of pamphila. (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 238-239.) Describes p. dion n. sp. B: P. M. (1464) Edwards, W:H: On the larval habits of lim- enitis arthemis, with its co-form proserpina, and also of J. disippus. From advance sheets of part 8, vol. 2, of Butterflies of North America. (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 224-228.) Food-plants and method of constructing the hibernacula. B: P. M. (1465) Entomological society of Ontario — Mon- treal branch. |6th annual general meeting, and report of the council.| (Can. entom., Dee. 1879, v. 11, p. 229-251.) Proceedings, election of officers, annual report. B: P. M. (1466) Freeman, F: The history of Cape Cod [Mass.]: the annals of Barnstable county and of its several towns, including the district of Mashpee. 2v., Bost., [1860-1864]. Each v. 803 Peeve loeb lie <ou.o: Describes (v. 1, p. 524, foot-note) the French soldiers, in the American camp at West Point, during the Revolution, roasting and eating grasshoppers. This foot-note is quoted in Psyche advertiser, July 1879, p. 9-10. G: D. (1467) Grasshopper raid in Shasta. (“Yreka jour- nal,” 6 Aug. 1879.) (Weekly bulletin, San Francisco, Cal., 14 Aug. 1879, v. 24, no. 29,... 6 cm.) Ravages of locusts near Shasta, Cal. 2B: P. M. (1468) Grasshoppers and the dairy farmers. (“Truckee republican,” 6 Aug. 1879,...) (Weekly bulletin, San Francisco, Cal., 14 Aug. 1879, v. 24, no. 29,..., 7 cm.) The ravages of locusts in the mountains and valleys around Truckee, Cal., have obliged the ae to seek new pastures for their cattle. B: P. M. (1469) 10 [1470-1487] Grote, A: Radcliffe. The species of erotyla, spragueia, fruva, xanthoptera, exyra and prothy- mia. (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, vy. 11, p. 231- 238.) Describes the neuration of most of the species, with de- scriptive and synonymical notes ; catalog of the species. B: P.M. (1470) Hagen, Hermann August. Among the bugs. A forenoon with an entomologist. Interesting facts about insects in general and one in par- . ticular. (Bost. evening journ., 11 July 1879, y. 46, no. 15283, p. [1], col. 6-7, 96 em.) Account of a visit to Dr. Hagen, at the Museum of com- parative zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; habits of anthrenus scrophulariae, and means against it. B: P.M. (1471) Hagen, Hermann August. Museum pests. (Journ. applied sci., June 1879, vy. 10, p. 90-91, 104 em.) Reprint of the author’s ‘* Museum pests observed in the entomological collection at Cambridge [Mass.] ’’ [PsycHe, Rec., no. 1473], g. v. G: D. (1472) Hagen, Hermann August. Museum pests ob- served in the entomological collection at Cam- bridge |Mass.]. (Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist., Jan. [5 Feb.] 1879, v. 20, p. 56-62.) Abstract. (Nature, 29 May 1879, v. 20, p. 106, 17 cm.) Reprint, entitled, “ Museum-pests.” (Journ. applied sci., June 1879, v. 10, p. 90-91, 104 cm.) Treats of species of dermestes, attagenus, anthrenus, pti- nus, tribolium, sylvanus, tinea, atropus, clothilla, an acarus (probably tyroglyphus), psocus and oecophora; compares the ravages of insects in European with those in American collections. G: D. (1473) Hagen, Hermann August. The yellow fever fly. (Boston d. advertiser, 21 July 1879, no 22121, v. 133, no. 173, p. [1], col. 3.) Information sought about a fly which appears at the times of outbreak of yellow fever in the southern United States. B: P. M. (1474) Heustis, Caroline Eliza. [Papilio thoas.] (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 239-240.) Dates of pupation and imagination of p. thoas in New Brunswick. BEM, Alaa) Insect pest to the fruit crop of Santa Clara Valley (An). (“San Jose times,” 10 Aug. 1879.) (Weekly bulletin, San Francisco, Cal., 14 Aug. 1879, v. 24, no. 29,...,17 cm.) Also entitled, ‘‘ A pest to the apple and pear crop of the Santa Clara valley.’’ The ‘‘red scale louse ”’ or ‘‘red scale,”’ first noticed near San Jose, Cal., 3 or 4 years ago, supposed to have been imported on Sicily oranges, very destructive to apple trees and pear trees ; its habits ; means of destroy- ing it. Carpocapsa pomonella, recently imported, also destructive. B: P. M. (1476) Moffat, J. Alston. [Papiiio thoas.] (Can. en- tom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 240.) P. thoas feeding on dictamnus fraxinella at Hamilton, Ont. B: P.M. (A477) Morris, Ernest. Insect pests of the Amazon. (Charlestown [Mass.] news, 17 May 1879, y. 1, no. 37,..., 42 cm.) Mention of the personal annoyances caused by insects in the valley of the Amazon. B: P.M. (1478) means of opposing the midge. PSYCHE. Niin insect of Yucatan (The). (Journ. applied sci., Feb. 1879, v. 10, p. 24-25, 89 cm.) Abstract. (Colonies and India, 26 Apr. 1879, p. 9, 15 em.) Notice. (Psyche advert., March 1879, p. 8.) Chemical nature, source, and uses as drying oil and as waterproof varnish, of niin, the secretion of an insect supposed to be allied to coccus cochinillifera. Facts on the authority of Dr. Arthur Schott, of the scientific commis- sion of Yucatan. G; D. (1479) Notes on commercial drugs and chemicals. (New remedies, June 1879, vy. 8, p. 164-165, 55 cm.) Brief commercial notes on blatta orientalis as a remedy for dropsy (3 cm.), and on insect powder from chrysanthe- mum and pyrethrum (3 em.), with its great advance in price early in 1879. G: D. (1480) Oil-producing insect (A new). (Colonies and India, 26 April 1879, p. 9, 15 em.) Notes on niin, the fatty product of a species of coccus. See ‘‘ Niin insect of Yucatan.”’ G: D. (1481) Plague of locusts in Russia (A). (“London times.”) (Weekly bulletin, San Francisco, Cal., 14 Aug. 1879, v. 24, no. 29, ... 11 cm.) A little about the ravages of locusts, and more about other subjects. B: P. M. (1482) Plant-producing caterpillar of New Zea- land (The). (Colonies and India, 11 Jan. 1879, p- 9, 12 cm.) (Journ. applied sci., Feb. 1879, p. 23-24, 13 cm.) Notice. (Psyche advert., March 1879, p. 8.) Growth of sphaeria robertsii from larva of he vires- cens. :D. (1483) Reeling silk by electricity. India, 11 Jan. 1879, p. 72, 4 cm.) The breaking of a single filament of silk breaks a current of electricity, and, by suitable alarms, warns an attendant. From The electrician. G: D, (1484) (Colonies and “ROOT, L.C. Quinby’s new bee-keeping : mysteries of bee-keeping explained; combining results of fifty years’ experience, with latest discoveries and inventions, and presenting most approved methods; forming complete guide to successful bee-culture. N. Y., Orange Judd co., 1879. 270 p., por., D. il. cl., $1.50. “Ist ed. of [M.] Quinby’s work appeared 1866; just be- fore his death he was contemplating a new edition present- ing new methods and processes tested and adopted by him. L.C. Root, his son-in-law, who was perfectly familiar with his later views, embodies them here, besides giving the results of his own experience.’’ —Title-slip registry, May [June] 1879, v. 1, p. 45. (1485) Rural (pseud.). The wheat midge. (Ells- worth [Me.] American, 4 Sept. 1879, no. 1281, y. 25, no. 36, p. [4], col. 1, 45 em.) Practical statement of the differences between the wheat midge (cecidomyia tritici) the Hessian fly (ec. de- structor) and the wheat weevil (sitophilus granarius) ; B: P. M. (1486) Saunders, W: Entomology for beginners. (Can. entom., Dec. 1879, y. 11, p. 221-228, fig. 13-14.) Proposal to prepare a series of articles adapted especially to beginners; figures dytiscus harrisii and hydrophilus triangularis, describes the former; habits of the former and of h. piceus of Europe. B: P.M. 1(487) PSYCHE. 11 ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. THE INDEX of volume 2 of Psycun, which requires considerable care and time in its prepar- ation, will be forwarded to all subscribers to that volume as soon as it is printed. Tue Doxtrus prize of the Entomological So- ciety of France was awarded last year to MM. Mulsant and Rey for their Histoire naturelle des coléopteres de France. THe Liprary of the Cambridge Entomologi- cal Club has been placed in the charge of Mr. C. C. Eaton, of Cambridge, Mass., for whose zealous and punctual labors the members of the club have reason to be thankful. Mr. G. Dimmocxk left America, 26 July 1879, for Europe, and may be addressed at Leipzig, Germany, for the season of 1879-1880. Upon business connected with Psycur, he may be addressed at Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 Follen St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following :— 9 Jan. 1880. 9 April 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14 May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 28 Jan. 1880. 28 Apr. 1880. 25 Feb. ,, 26 May ,, 24 Mar. ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE ANNUAL meetings of the Entomological Section of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science will begin at 2 p. m., on Tuesday, 24 Aug. 1880, at a place yet to be de- termined, in Boston, Mass. Members who intend to present communications that may provoke discussion are requested to allow the Secretary to announce their subjects, in order that other members may come ready to enter into a thor- ough discussion. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary, Cambridge, Mass. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 Apr. 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14 May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, James H. Ripines, Recorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at S. W. cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following : — 8 Dec. 1879. 14 June 1880. James H. RipinGs, Recording Secretary. ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. GALLS AND GALL INSECTS. The undersigned desires, either by exchange or otherwise, Galls from all parts of the United States. He is especially interested in those made by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Diptera. Correspondence in reference to Gall growths, or other vegetable abnormities, is invited. CHARLES V. RILEY, Washington, D, C. FOR SALE. Zuphium americanum, Thalpius dorsalis and pyg- maeus, Dynastes tityus, Megalosoma elephas male, (body 12.7 em. long by 5.2 cm. wide), Sandalus ni- ger, Goes tigrina, Goes tessellata, Ptychodes vittata, Phyton pallidum, Pteroplatus variabilis (sallei), Cal- lichroma splendidum, Leptura erythroptera, Plectro- dera scalator, Acanthrocinus nodosus, Cylas formica- rius, Ischnocerus infuscatus, and all other Louisiana coleoptera, at reasonable rates. Apply to WILLIAM MISCHE, 350 St. Peter St.. New Orleans, La. NORTH AMERICAN FERNS. Check lists of the Ferns of North America north of Mexico, enumerating 31 genera, 132 species and 15 varieties. on one octavo page. Will be sent by mail on receipt of the price, 15 cents per dozen copies. ; S. STEBBINS, Springfield, Mass. 12 PSYCHE. BLANK INSECT LABELS. No. 2.—50 on a sheet. No, 1.—40 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to PROF. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (postrain), M 6.50 = $1.62. Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron v. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine :— “Tt is a complete repository of interesting and instruc- tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, observ- ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects ; of literary information and notices of books; and correspondence. In short, it has proved itself the special organ for the encouragement and progress of the Science of Entomology.” May be obtained of all booksellers ; and from the publisher, A. DOSE, PUTBUS A. RUGEN, GERMANY. Back volumes may be had from the same, 1875 4 2.50 M; 1877 43 M; 187845 M; 1879 46.50 M. LEPIDOPTERA. Living cocoons, pupae and ova of American lep- idoptera bought or exchanged for other species, by Monsieur ALFRED WAILLY, (Membre-Lauréat de la Société d’Acclimatation de France ), 110 Clapham Road, London, S. W., England. No. 64 was issued 9 Aug. 1879. NOTICE. Copies of this numero of PsycHE will be sent to a large number of entomologists in Europe and America, in order to show its change of form. Psycne, although the organ of a club having a local name, will continue to be devoted to general rather than to local entomology. Its editors solicit communications from entomologists in all parts of the world on the general anatomy, physiology and biology of insects ; also arti- cles, items, and brief accounts of the pro- ceedings of societies, so far as they are of general interest. Communications may be sent in French or German, and will be translated into English for publication. The Bibliographical Record will be pre- pared by co-operative labor, and the assist- ance of additional willing helpers is de- sired. Persons who give assistance will be furnished with printed instructions. {= European exchanges and communi- cations will receive more immediate atten- ion by being addressed to GEORGE Divmock, Leipzig, Germany. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Entomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10 cents. E: P. AUSTIN. 46 East Newton St, Boston, Mass. Poy Cre, ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [Established in 1874. ] EDITED BY Gerorce Dimmocx, Cambridge, Mass.; B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, ALBERT J: Coox, Lansing, Mich.; Ciirrorp CHAse Eaton, Cambridge, Mass. Vol. 3. No. 70. FrEeBruary 1880. Mass. ; CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS — Acknowledgments ‘ , : 14 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECT OF CoLD (Ais cigeat TO eaees ALIDS OF Evmeweens — W: H: Edwards 15-19 PROCEEDINGS OF apenas ei aicrncla staal ee of Tein Cambridce Entomol- egical Club . 20 BiIBLioGRAPHICAL REcoRD : 21-22 Enromoxrocicat Items — Society Mesins 23 ADVERTISEMENTS . 24 CamprinGe, Mass., U. S. A.: PusiisHep sy George Dimmock. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 16 c. [Entered as second class mail matter.] 14 PSYCHE. PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . $3. Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips.) postpaid, $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, A $3. One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper, postpaid, $5. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, if ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. = &8G> Scientific publications desired in exchange. —_—_—— ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH—STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. 8@> Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PsYCHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates :— Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, 15 -60 Quarter “ eg “ 1.25 1.00 Half ses oaks oo ars . 2.25 1.75 One ce x us 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epirors oF PsycHeE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE. Klaeger’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no. 00-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-6, $1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in packages of 500; smaller lots, 20 cts. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 25 & 35 em., 45 ets. Light mailing boxes, 17 & 22 em., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 30 X 8.5 X 0.5 em., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8 & 50 mm., 10> €0 mm., 12 70 mm., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 ects. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 2214 mm., 35 ets. per 1000; 27K 12 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of the under side of Lucanus cervus: each 50 cts. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUTTERFLIES WANTED. The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stages of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Cambridge Entomological Club gratefully acknowledges the receipt of the following contri- butions, to the permanent publication fund. Previously acknowledged, . -.. $167:75 From G: H: Horn, Philadelphia, Pa. 5.30 - Total, - $178.05 Pee ORT TE: EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECT OF COLD APPLIED TO CHRYS- ALIDS OF BUTTERFLIES. BY WILLIAM HENRY EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA. (Continued from p. 6.) With every experiment, however similar the conditions seem to be, and are intended to be, there is a difference in results, and at present the reason therefor does not ap- pear. For example, in 1878, the first but- terfly emerged on 14th day after removal from the ice, the period being exactly what it is at its longest in this species in nature, with an occasional exception. Others emerged at 19 days and several at inter- vals up to the 96th day after ice. In 1879, the emergence began at 8 days, and by 12 days all which came out this year had appeared, except three belated indi- viduals at 22,40 and 50 days. In previous experiments, no matter what the species, the butterflies had not emerged till after the natural period of the chrysalis had passed, after removal from the ice. In this one, either the cold had not fully sus- pended the changes which the pupa under- goes in the chrysalis, or these changes were hastened by some other cause after the chrysalids were taken from the ice. In the first experiment, apparently, the changes were absolutely suspended as long as the cold remained. It might be supposed that the application of heat to the overwintering chrysalids would precipitate the appearance of the summer form of P. ajaz, or change the butterflies suv that while they had the shape of telamonides they should have the color- ation of marcellus. But I have not found I have been in the habit, for several years, of placing the chrysalids this to occur. in a warm room or in the greenhouse, early in the winter, so causing the butterflies to emerge in February, instead of in March and April, as they would otherwise do. But the winter form has invariably emerged from such chrysalids. 3. In June 1879, I obtained eggs of Grapta interrogationis, laid by form wm- brosa, in confinement. As the chrysalids formed, and at intervals of from 6 to 24 hours after pupation, they were placed in the ice box. After 14 days I removed all but five, which were left 6 days longer. Several were dead at the end of the 14 days. ‘Temperature most of the time about 35° F. [1°.7 C.], but a little higher for a few hours each day, as the ice melted, reach- 16 PSYCHE. ing then 40° to 45° F. [4° to 7°C.]. I obtained from the 14-day lot seven perfect butterflies, 3 & 4 2; from the 20-day lot five, 4 $ 1 2; every one umbrosa; and nearly all had changed in one striking par- In the normal umbrosa, of both sexes, the fore wings on upper side have, ticular. on costal margin next inside the broad border of hind margin, and separated from it by a considerable space of fulvous, a dark patch which ends a little below the discoidal nervule ; inside the same border at inuer angle is a similar patch lying on the submedian interspace. two patches, across all the median inter- Between these spaces, the ground is fulvous, but very slightly and faintly clouded with black. Indeed, this clouding would usually not be noticed. I find that in all the four 2 exposed to cold 14 days, there is present a broad biack band crossing the entire wing, continuous, of uniform shade, covering the two patches and intervening space, and almost confluent with the marginal border from end to end, only a streak of obscured fulvous any- where separating band and border. In the other female, being from chrysalis ex- posed 20 days, the band is present, but while broad and covering the space between the patches, it is not so dark as in the other examples, and includes against the border This is like some normal females, and this fe- male, though longest exposed, therefore is essentially unchanged. In all the males, the patches are diffuse, those at apex almost coalescing with the border. In the three males from the 14- day lot, these patches are connected by a narrow dark band (very different from the a series of obscured fulvous lunules. broad band of the females), which occu- pies the same position as the clouding in the normal male, but blackened and some- what diffused. In the four examples from the 20-day lot, this connecting band is scarcely as deep colored and continuous as in the other three. Beyond this change on the submarginal area, whereby a con- spicuous band is created where naturally would be only the two patches and a faint cloudiness over the intervening fulvous space, I see no difference between these examples of both sexes and a long series of natural ones placed beside them, so far as relates to the upper surface. On the under side, all the males are of the same type, the colors intense. There is considerably more red, both dark and pale, over the whole surface than in the series ofnatural examples ; these latter discovering shades of brown, over which is a bluish or In the females I discover no change on under side. It appears that 14 days was as effective in producing changes in case of this Grap- ta, asa longer period. In fact, the most decided changes were found to be in the lilaceous flush. females exposed least. It appears also that cold will produce change if applied after the chrysalis has hardened. In 1878, I put Grapta chrysalids on ice at from 10 minutes to 6 hours after pupation, and while some were quite soft,—and lost every one of them, although some chrysa- lids of P. ajax in same box, and in part exposed very shortly after pupation, were not injured. It also appears that cold may change certain markings only, and that the females were most susceptible to the influence. The resulting butterflies were all wm- PSYCHE. 17 brosa, though both forms of the species might have been expected to appear. In breeding from eggs laid by umbrosa in a former year, I obtained both forms of the butterfly, viz.: 11 wmbrosa and 6 fabri- citi. But from this single experiment it cannot be determined whether any change of form was brought about. 4. In 1877, a lot of eight chrysalids of P. ajax, all under 12-hours from pupa- tion, were put on ice and left there 24 days. (They were placed on top of the ice, but in all later experiments I have placed them under it, in the bottom of the box.) The temperature was irregular, and as I was absent from home nearly all of the time, and had to leave the box in charge of ser- vants, I felt no certainty that the ice had not been supplied irregularly, or that there had not been intervals during which there was no ice in the box. But from these chrysalids there came 5 8 3 @ butterflies. Of these, one was telamonides unquestion- ably, in color and markings; all the rest were between telamonides and marcellus. Two other chrysalids, on ice 23 days, in the box at same time with the above men- tioned eight, gave telamonides. But three more, exposed 26 days, and 1 hour from pupation when placed in the box, all gave unchanged marcellus. In the box at same time were 6 chrysa- lids of G. interrogationis, and all of them gave unchanged umbrosa. 5. During the same season, 1877, I ex- posed six P. ajaw chrysalids, keeping the temperature as nearly as possible at 33° F. [0.6° C.]. One was 1 hour from pupation, and remained in the box 5 days ; one same age, remained in box 23? days; three at 3 hours old, for 8 days, and one, age omitted, for 6 days. All these produced marcellus, and therefore they had not been affected by the cold. 6. In 1877, I had placed several chrys- alids of Lycaena pseudargiolus in the ice box, thinking that I might thus obtain the form violacea, which is the winter form of the species. On 8 Aug., 31 days after the chrysalids were removed from the box, a female emerged, in some respects consider- ably unlike either of the forms. The com- mon series of dark streaks and points across the disks was wholly wanting, though the stripes across the ends of cells were pres- ent; and the marginal crescents were large and black — far more conspicuous than is ever seen in the natural pseudargiolus, and still very unlike violacea. The general coloration of both surfaces was that of the usual female pseudargiolus. All the other chrysalids were found to be dead. In Can. Entom., v. 7, p. 236-240, I gave an account of the first experiments made by me in exposing chrysalids to cold, the subject being P. ajax. The chrysalids were placed in the ice box, but were sub- sequently removed to the ice house and left for two months after forming, but on returning home after a long absence I found the ice had wholly melted. The chrysalids had at first been subjected to a low temperature in the box, but as the ice in the house failed, the temperature had risen so that when I examined the tin cases which had held the chrysalids, many butterflies were found alive therein in a crippled state. About one half the butter- 18 flies that emerged from this lot were com- pletely changed, being telamonides and walshii, and about half the rest were partly changed. It was observed also that the butterflies were generally smaller than the average marcellus. Ihave not been able to subject chrysalids to cold fora very long period, for the reason that ice fails us in midsummer, it having been put up when thin and of poor quality, owing to our moderate winter climate. Indeed, in some seasons we get no ice at all, as the streams do not freeze over. On more than one occasion the period of exposure has abruptly terminated, and much earlier than I had intended, by the failure of the ice. SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTS WITH P. ajax. In 1877: chrysalids 1 to 3 hours old exposed from 23 to 8 days. ‘Temperature 33°+ F. [0.6° C.]. No change effected. In 1878: chrysalids 10 to 15 minutes old, and at intervals up to 1 day, and then daily to 8th day from pupation; expos- ure from 19 to 5 days. Result: one telamonides or walshii from chrysalis 12 hours old, 11 days exposure ; one walshii from chrysalis 2 hours old, 11 days expos- ure ; one telamonides from chrysalis 3 days old, 16 days exposure; all the rest un- changed, but the periods of emergence remarkably prolonged. Temperature 33° S 2. poo” C.}. In 1879: chrysalids not less than 12 hours old nor over 24 hours; exposed 14, 20, and 24 days. Result: the period of emerging greatly precipitated in nearly all cases. From the 14-day lot there was no change or only a partial one ; from the 20- day lot, one half were changed, the rest PSYCHE. partly or not at all; from the 25-day lot all were changed. Temperature 33°+ F. fOx6 Cal: In 1877: chrysalids under 12 hours old, but the minimum not noted; exposure 24 days. Temperature 40° F. [4.4° C.] and upwards, irregular. Result: one changed fully, seven partly ; some others subjected to same conditions for 23 days were fully changed ; others at 26 days not at all. In 1875: chrysalids stated in my note book to have been exposed ‘‘as formed,” but the exact age not given; exposed for 30 to 60 days; temperature at first about 32° F. [0° C.], afterwards uncertain. Re- sult: 50 per cent. fully changed, 25 per cent. partly, rest not. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS : — 1. P.ajax. The longer the exposure under a low temperature the more decided the change, but 25 or 30 days seem quite sufficient in many cases, and changes have been produced by exposure for 20, 16 and 11 days; no changes recorded at less than 11 days ; while exposure at 8 days and less has produced no effect except in some cases to prolong the chrysalis period. 2. The longest interval between pupa- tion and exposure to cold when any change has resulted, has been 3 days. In all in- stances beyond that no change has been produced. The shortest interval has been two hours, and in this instance the but- terfly was changed to walshiti, which is a change more extreme than to telamonides. Most chrysalids exposed so early die in the process, but as many changes have been effected when the age of the chrysalis at exposure has been from 12 to 24 hours, I believe that to be the most satisfactory pe- riod. The chrysalis has then become hard- PSYCHE. ened, and the growth of the organs of the pupa probably then begins, and their direc- tion may best be turned by the cold then applied. 3. The effect of the cold is to albinize the butterfly, the black area being con- stantly reduced. 4. Cold has failed to change the shape of the wings, its influence being confined to coloration and markings; the frontal} hairs of the head have also been changed ; and the sexes are equally susceptible. 5. Grapta interrogationis. 14 days exposure after the chrysalids have hard- ened, has been found suflicient to produce changes; and the females were most sus- ceptible to the influence of cold. 6. With different species the degree of temperature required to produce the most decided change varies. I have succeeded best with Phyciodes tharos, at 40° F. [4.4° C.]. At 32° F. [0° C.] have de- stroyed many Grapta chrysalids, but this may have been principally because the chrysalis was too tender when exposed. 19 With P. ajax 32° to 40° F. [0° to 4.4° C.] seems a proper temperature. My experiments with Ph. tharos are given in Can. Entom., v. 9, p. 4, and p. 204-206. Also in Butterflies of N. A.,, ve 2,. pt. 7. change was brought about, and every but- terfly emerged in the winter form. 'Temp- erature about 40° F. [4.4° C.], and con- tinued for 7 days, the chrysalids being 3, 6, 9 hours old when exposed, and before several had hardened. In the second ex- periment, the temperature was about 32° F. [0° C.]; the chrysalids were 10 min- utes to 9 hours old, and the exposure was about 20 days. It was found that the but- terflies emerging from chrysalids which had been from 1 to 9 hours old were com- pletely changed; some which had been from 30 to 60 minutes old were not changed, while others of same lot were greatly suffused. I concluded that with this species it was not necessary that cold should be applied after the chrysalids had hardened, in order to change the form. In the former, a complete REVIEWS. ProressorR Epuarp Branpv’s interest- ing papers upon the nervous system of in- sects, which appeared during 1878 and 1879 [see Rec., nos. 1451-1458] in the Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, - are yaluable additions to the literature of the subject. The amount of research upon which the author’s conclusions are based, can be best understood, perhaps, by con- sidering that Professor Brandt examined the nervous system of nearly a thousand species of adult insects, and of about one hundred and twenty-five species of larvae, and that he studied the metamorphoses of the nervous system in more than fifty spe- cies. Up to the time of appearance of Professor Brandt’s papers but little had been published upon this subject; for ex- ample, the metamorphoses of the nervous system had been traced in only eight spe- cies (four lepidoptera and four coleoptera). Many important facts were ascertained in his studies, and the papers, published both in German and in Russian, and fully il- lustrated with photolithographic plates, pre- sent the facts in a systematic and carefully condensed form. @. D. 20 PSOE: CAMBRIDGE, MASS., FEBRUARY 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad- vertising columns. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 3 Dec. 1879.—... Mr. W.L. Dis- tant exhibited a hitherto unrecorded vari- ety of Danais plexippus (commonly known as D. archippus), received from Antigua. ... Mr. C. O. Waterhouse communi- cated some interesting details as to tenacity of life in Curculio cleonus. — The Rev. H. S. Gorham read a paper entitled ‘‘ Mate- rials for a revision of the Lampyridae.” — Mr. Bates, in connexion with the light- emitting power of this family, remarked that certain species of longicorns mimicked Lampyridae with great exactness, the light- giving segments of the latter being per- fectly represented in the longicorns, al- though destitute of phosphorescent power. — Mr. J. W. Slater communicated a pa- per ‘“‘ On certain minute characters of in- sects with reference to the theory of evolu- tion.” — Extracted from Athenaeum, 27 Dec. 1879, p. 853. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 9 Jan. 1880. — 64th meeting. The of- PSYCHE. ficers for the year 1880 were elected, as follows: E: Burgess, President; B: Pick- man Mann, Secretary, Treasurer, and Ed- itor of Psycue; E: Payson Austin, S: Henshaw, Dr. E: Laurens Mark, Execu- tive Committee. Retiring president E: Burgess delivered the annual address, upon the progress made in anatomical and physiological en- tomology in recent years. [The address will be published in Psycue. | Retiring secretary B: Pickman Mann presented his annual report, including the annual report of the treasurer, and of act- ing librarian Clifford Chase Eaton. This is the sixth annual meeting, and the third annual meeting as a corporation. The Club has 16 resident and 56 non-resident members. During the past year it has held 9 meetings, and has received 22 principal communications. 64 pages of PsYcHE, with 7 advertiser covers, were issued in 1879, also 26 extra pages of entomological items and advertisements, and 26 pages of the bibliography of the entomological writings of Dr. G: H: Horn and the writings of S: Hubbard Scudder. 32 more pages, besides the in- dexes, are required to complete the sec- ond volume of Psycue. Measures have been taken to ensure the continued publi- cation of Psycue through a fhird volume. The permanent publication fund amounts to $167.75. 262 new titles have been recorded in the library accession book since the last report, making 729 in all. A card catalog is be- ing formed, and now numbers 203 cards. The arrangement of the volumes in the library is nearly completed. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. =... PSYCHE. [1488-1501] 21 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets | |], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. A colon after initial designates the most common given name,as: A: Augustus; B: Benjamin; C: Charles; D: David; E: Edward ; F: Frederic ; G: George ; H: Henry; I: Isaac ; J: John; K: Karl; L: Louis ; M: Mark; N: Nicholas; O: Otto; P: Peter; R: Richard; S: Samuel; T: Thomas; W: Wil- liam. The initials at the end of each record, or note, are those of the recorder, and will be explained at the end of each volume. Unless otherwise stated each record is made directly from the work that is noticed. When there are not sufficient titles of current papers to fill the space allotted to the Record, earlier ento- mological publications will be recorded. In this way it is expected to include, finally, in the Record, all titles of papers not included in Hagen’s Bibliotheca entomologica, which treat of North American or general entomology, and all papers on entomology published in North America. Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. Association francaise pour l’avancement des sciences — Congres de Montpellier, Section de zoologie. [Abstract of proceedings, by Adrien Dollfus.] (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, 1 Dee. 1879, p. 17-21.) Jules Lichtenstein (p. 19-20) on some of the peculiarities of the reproduction of the aphidae. G: D. (1488) Barber, S. Habits of animals in relation to the weather. (Monthly journ. sci., Nov. 1879, s. 3, v. 1, p. 728-731, 1 fig.) Figures a spider’s web spun between four lighted can- dles ; other notes on habits of species of araneae. G: D. (1489) Bee ranching in California. (Springfield | Mass. ] d. republican, 5 Sept. 1879, p. 2, col. 6, 12 em.) From Sunday afternoon. G: D. (1490) Brunner von Wattenwyl, Carl. Mono- graphie der Phaneropteriden. Herausgegeben von der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesell- schaft in Wien. Mit 8 Tafeln. Wien, 1878. t.-p.+ 401 p., 22.5 x 14, t 16 10.5; 8 pl. 27 X 22.5, t 24.5 « 18. 405 species divided into 115 genera and 39 groups, all ex- cept groups described in Latin. 49 of the genera are rep- resented by a single species each. 62 of the species, be- longing to 23 genera, are North American, but only 17 species (7 new) belonging to5 genera (dichopetala =1 new) are recorded north of Mexico; of these 5 genera, 2, with 5-+3 species, are peculiar to the U. S., one only of the spe- cies occurring also in Mexico. Each genus (except ory- prora n. g.) is represented on the plate by a single species. The nomenclature of the neuration is discussed in the intro- duction, and the work is preceded by a division of the Lo- eustarians into 14 tribes, and a table to find the genera described in the work, also in Latin. S: H. S. (1491) Cook, Albert J: Bees improved by breeding. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 34.) The same principles apply to the breeding of bees that are practiced in improving our higher animals. . A.J: C. (1492) Failla-Tedaldi, L. Note sur une invasion de la vanessa cardui L. observée en Sicile. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, March 1879, p. 64-65.) Observations on swarming. G: D. (1493) K., J.D. Vol de libellules. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Nov. 1879, p. 15.) Records great flight of dragon-flies near Havre, France, 7 Oct. 1879. G: D, (1494) Northern range of cermatia forceps. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1879, v. 13, p. 711.) C. forceps taken in Mass. and N. H. G: D, (1495) Saunders, W: Papilio cresphontes. (Can. en- tom., Dec. 1879, v. 11, p. 240.) Occurrence of p. cresphontes at Hamilton, Ont., and at Thedford, Ont., feeding on diclamnus fraxinella and zan- thoxylum americanum. Bs P.M. (1496) Siewers, C: Godfrey. The brushes of the white-marked tussock moth, orgyia leucostigma, Smith & Abbot. (Valley naturalist, 1878, v. ps9) These brushes are used to cleanse the ‘‘ beauty spots ’’ on the hinder segments. B: P.M. (1497) Southern Illinois normal university, Carbon- dale, Jil. 5th annual report of the principal [Robert Allyn] to the board of trustees. Car- bondale, Ill., 1879. 44 p., 21 x 13. Contains (p. 25-42), ‘‘ Report of the curator of the mu- seum,’’ by G: Hazen French. B: P. M. (1498) Turner, H: Stratagem of a wasp. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1879, v. 13, p. 710.) A wasp leads up a tree by one of the antennae, a roach, probably previously stung. G: D. (1499) Weiss, J: Crickets. (Atlantic monthly, Oct. 1877, v. 40, p. 467-468.) In verse. G: D. (1500) NECROLOGY FOR 1879. Brandt, Johann Friedrich. [Biog. notices. ] (Zool. Anzeiger, jahrg. 2, 8 Sept. 1879, p. 480; 20 Oct. 1879, p. 529.) (Botanische Zeitung, 14 Nov. 1879, jahrg. 37, p. 743.) Dr. Brandt was b. 25 May 1802, in Jiiterbogk, Prussia, and d. 15 July 1879, at Merekull near Narva, Russia. He was Prof. of Zool. at St. Petersburg, Russia, from 1834 un- til his death. G: D. (1501) 22 [1502-1518] Chapman, T: |[Biog. notice.| (Zool. Anzei- ger, 17 Noy. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 600.) B. 22 Jan. 1816 in Nottingham, England; d. 27 Aug. 1879, in Burghill, Hereford, England. Spent much of life in Glasgow, where he studied the entomological fauna of Scotland. G: D. (1502) Chapuis, Félicien. [Biog. notices.] (Naturae novitates, Oct. 1879, no. 20, p. 199.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 17 Nov. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 600.) [Biog. sketch by Dr. E.Candéze.| (Comptes rendus soc. entom. Belge, 4 Oct. 1879, s. 2, no. 69, p. 1-4.) Dr. Chapuis, coleopterist, was b. in 1824, in Verviers, Belgium, where he afterwards practiced medicine. He d. in Heusy near Verviers, 30 Sept. 1879. G: D. (1503) Chavannes, Auguste. [Biog.notice.] (Zool. Anzeiger, 6 Oct. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 528.) Dr. Chayannes, Prof. honor. de l’Academie de Lausanne, an entomological writer, d. 16 Sept. 1879, at Lausanne, Switzerland. G: D. (1504) Chenu, Jean Charles. [Biog. note.] (Bost. d- advert., 17 Nov. 1879, no. 22223, v. 134, no. 73, 2 cm.) Dr. Chenu was b. in 1808, in Metz, France; d. Nov. 1879. “From 1850 to 1861 he was engaged with others in publishing an ‘Encyclopédie d’histoire naturelle,’ a work which made thirty-one volumes.’? — Bost. d. advert. B: P. M. (1505) Fedrizzi, Giacinto. [Biog. note.] (Naturae novitates, Feb. 1879, no. 3, p. 47.) Dr. Fedrizzi, an entomological writer, d. in Padua, Italy, in 1879. G: D. (1506) Fitch, Asa. [Biog. notices.] (Amer. nat., Dec. 1879, v. 13, p. 798.) : [Biog. sketch by E. P. Thurston, entitled “Sketch of Dr. Asa Fitch.”] (Pop. sci. mo., Nov. 1879, v. 16, p. 116-120, por.) Dr. Fitch was b. at Salem, Washington Co., N. Y., 24 Feb. 1809, and d. there 8 Apr. 1879. In 1826 he went to the Renssalaer School at Troy, N. Y. ; in 1829 was graduated from the Rutgers Medical College in New York city; in 1854 was appointed N. Y. State Entomologist, and held the latter position for 17 years. £: B. (1507) Gastaldi, Bartolomeo. [Biog. notices.] (Nat- urae novitates, Feb. 1879, no. 4, p. 57.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 21 April 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 216.) Dr. Gastaldi, Prof. Geol. and Palaeont., Director of the Museo Civico, in Turin, Italy, was b. 10 Feb. 1818, in Tu- rin; d. 5 Feb. 1879, in Turin. G: D. (1508) Gervais, Paul. [Biog. notices.] (Naturae novitates, March 1879, no. 5, p. 67.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 10 March 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 144.) (Amer. nat., April 1879, v. 18, p. 275-276.) M. Gervais, Prof. of Comparative Anatomy at the Mu- sée d’histoire naturelle, was b. 26 Sept. 1816, in Paris; d. 10 Feb. 1879, in Paris. G: D. (1509) Loew, Hermann. zeiger, 23 June 1879, jahrg. 2, p. nat., Dec. 1879, v. 13, p. 798.) Dr. Loew, the dipterist, was b. 7 July 1807, in Weissen- fels, Prussia; d. 21 April 1879, in Halle on the Saale, Prussia. G: D. (1510) [Biog. neue (Zool. An- 336.) (Amer. PSYCHE. Moncreiffe, T: [Biog. notices.| (Naturae novitates, Aug. 1879, no. 17, p. 174.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 8 Sept. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 480.) |Biog. sketch by F. Buchanan White, en- titled, “In memoriam Sir Thomas Moncreiffe, Bart.”] (Scottish naturalist, Oct. 1879, p. 145-148, por.) Sir T: Moncreiffe, of Moncreiffe, Scotland, President of the Perthshire Society of Natural History, and of the Cryp- togamic Society of Scotland, a lepidopterist, d. 16 Aug. 1879. G: D. (1511) Moquerys, S. [Biog. note.] (Naturae novi- tates, April 1879, no. 7-8, p. 92.) M. Moquerys, coleopterist, d. 12 Feb. 1879, at Rouen, France, aged 87. G: D. (1512) Pictet, Edouard. [Biog. notices.] 22 May 1879, v. 20, p. 88, 6 cm.) novitates, June 1879;no. 12, p. 135.) Neuropterist ; d. in 1879, in Geneva, aged 4. G: D, (1513) Reichenbach, Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig. |Biog. notices.| (Naturae novitates, April 1879, no. 7-8, p, 92.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 7 April 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 192.) [| Notice, by Friedrich, entitled “ Necrolog H. G. L. Reichenbachs.”| (Sitzungsber. d. natur. Gesellsch. Isis zu Dresden, Jan.—June 1879, p. 97-104.) Dr. Reichenbach, Prof. of Natural History at Dresden, was b. in 1793 in Leipzig; d. 17 March 1879, in Dresden, Saxony. G: D. (1514) (Nature, (Naturae Rondani, Camillo. [Biog.notices.| (Naturae novitates, Oct. 1879, no. 21, p. 207.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 17 Nov. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 600.) Prof. Rondani, dipterist, d. 18 Sept. 1879, in Parma, Italy, aged 72. G: D. (1515) Saunders, W: Wilson. [Biog.notices.] (Nat- urae novitates, Sept. 1879, no. 19, p. 190.) (Bot- anische Zeitung, 14 Nov. 1879, jahrg. 37, p. 743.) (Amer. nat., Dec. 1879, v. 13, p. 798.) Botanist and entomologist, b. in Little London, near Wendover, Buckinghamshire, England, 4 June 1809; d. at Raystead, Worthing, 13 Sept. 1879. G: D. (1516) Smith, F: [Biog. notices.] (Psyche adver- tiser, March 1879, p. 7.) (Zool. Anzeiger, 24 March 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 168.) (Naturae novi- tates, March 1879, no. 6, p. 81.) (Can. entom. April 1879, v. 11, p. 78.) (Naturalist | York- shire], April 1879, p. 158.) (Entom. m. mag., April 1879, v. 15, p. 263-264.) [Biographical notice, by J. W. Dunning.] (Entomologist, April 1879, v. 12, p. 89-92.) Mr. Smith, Assistant Keeper Zool. Dept. British Museum, hymenopterist, b. in 1805, in London; d. 16 Feb. 1879, in London. G: D. (1517) White, Adam. [Biog. notices.]| (Zool. An- zeiger, 17 Feb. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 96.) (Psyche advertiser, March 1879, p. 7.) Mr. White was b. 29 April 1817, in Edinburg, Scotland ; d. 4 Jan. 1879, in Glasgow, Scotland. He was in the En- tom. Dept. British Museum from 1835 to 1863. G: D. (1518) PSYCHE. 23 ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. THE LIBRARY of the Swiss Entomological Society has been removed from Schaffhausen to No. 195 4, rue des gentilshommes, Berne. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL library of the late Pro- fessor Loew has been put on sale by List and Franke of Leipzig. It contains many rare pa- pers upon diptera. Mr. Van per Wot-p, Secretary of the Dutch Entomological Society, has recently been ap- pointed to the rank of Referendarius to the State board of control. Tue Last numero of the Harvard Library Bulletin published an account of the Entomol- ogical Libraries of the United States, by S: H- Seudder. The next will contain the first instal- ment of a Bibliography of Fossil Insects, by the same author. WHATEVER is sent to the editors of Psycur or to the CamBripGE EnTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, as a gift or otherwise, should be so addressed, and should be sent to Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A.; whatever is sent to the editors, for their private possession, should be distinctly addressed to them individually. Mr. W: S. Barnarp, Instructor in Entomol- ogy at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., informs -us that the report, in the N. Y. Times, that his paper, read at the Saratoga meeting of the A. A. A. S., on the Bud-blight insect, stated that Psylla pyri had not been described in this coun- try, is not correct, and that the mistake was made by the reporter. M. Paut Noet calls attentionin the December numero of the Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, to a new mode of collecting nocturnal lepidoptera, He employs a lantern, hung about a metre and a half above the ground, as a permanent attrac- tion, and then burns, from time to time, a small piece of magnesium tape, to attract specimeng from a greater distance to a point where they can see and come to the less brilliant light. Ac- cording to M. Noel, a half-metre of tape suffices for the evening, costs but little, and gives re- markably good results. SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 ape St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 April 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, B: Pickman Many, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 28 Jan. 1880. 28 Apr. 1880. 25 Feb. ,, 26 May ,, 24 Mar. ” B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE ANNUAL meetings of the Entomological Section of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science will begin at 2 p. m., on Tuesday, 24 Aug. 1880, at a place yet to be de- termined, in Boston, Mass. Members who intend to present communications that may provoke discussion are requested to allow the Secretary to announce their subjects, in order that other members may come ready to enter into a thor- ough discussion. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary, Cambridge, Mass. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 Apr. 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14 May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, James H. Ripines, Recorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at S. W. cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following: — 8 Dec. 1879. 14 June 1880. James H. Ripines, Recording Secretary. 24 PSYCHE. ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. BLANK INSECT LABELS. No, 1.— 40 on a sheet. No. 2.—50 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to PrRor. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (postpaio), M 6.50 = $1.62. Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron vy. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine :— “Tt is a complete repository of interesting and instruc- tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, observ- ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects; of literary information and notices of books; and correspondence. In short, it has proved itself the special organ for the encouragement and progress of the Science of Entomology.” May be obtained of all booksellers; and from the publisher, A. DOSE, PUTBUS A. RUGEN, GERMANY. Back volumes may be had from the same, 18754 2.50 M; 1877 23 M; 187845 M; 1879 a 6.50 M. LEPIDOPTERA. Living cocoons, pupae and ova of American lep- idoptera bought or exchanged for other species, by Monsieur ALFRED WAILLY, (Membre-Lauréat de la Société d’Acclimatation de France ), 110 Clapham Road, London, S. W., England. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Hntomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10 cents. E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. FOR SALE. Zuphium americanum, Thalpius dorsalis and pyg- maeus, Dynastes tityus, Megalosoma elephas male, (body 12.7 em. long by 5.2 em. wide), Sandalus ni- ger, Goes tigrina, Goes tessellata, Ptychodes vittata, Phyton pallidum, Pteroplatus variabilis (sallei), Cal- lichroma splendidum, Leptura erythroptera, Plectro- dera scalator, Acanthocinus nodosus, Cylas formica- rius, Ischnocerus infuscatus, and all other Louisiana coleoptera, at reasonable rates. Apply to WILLIAM MISCHE, 350 St. Peter St., New Orleans, La. GALLS AND GALL INSECTS. The undersigned desires, either by exchange or otherwise, Galls from all parts of the United States. He is especially interested in those made by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Diptera. Correspondence in reference to Gall growths, or other vegetable abnormities, is invited. CHARLES V. RILEY, Washington, D, C. NORTH AMERICAN FERNS. Check lists of the Ferns of North America north of Mexico, enumerating 31 genera, 132 species and 15 varieties. on one octavo page. Will be sent by mail on receipt of the price, 15 cents per dozen copies. S. STEBBINS, Springfield, Mass. Nos. 65-68 are not yet issued. No. 69 was issued 22 Jan. 1880.. o® peace ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [Established in 1874. ] ve ee a i : ya EDITED BY Grorce Dimmock, Cambridge, Mass.; B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. ; Apert J: Coox, Lansing, Mich.; Cutrrorp Cuase Eaton, Cambridge, Mass. Vol. 3: --No.- 71. Marcu 1880. CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS : ; ; . ; 5 ; ' ‘ : : : seer Recent Srupirs 1n INSECT esinaie Third Anuual Address of the President — £d- ward Burgess : Se Spe at) se : ° : : : : ? : : 27-43 TITLE S.iips s , ; : ; : : ; p : : ‘ ; $ ; . 44 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD : ; : ‘ ‘ ‘ ; ‘ ; Z ‘ 45-46 EntomoLocicat Irems — Society Mise ; - - : - - : : A «| et ADVERTISEMENTS S * 4 B é 4 : “ ‘ 4 é » : ; 2 4S CampripGE, Mass., U.S. A.: PupiisHep By Grorcre Dimmock. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. . MONTHLY NUMEROS, 165 c. [Entered as second class mail matter. | 26 PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club, RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, . : $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . . $3. Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips,) postpaid, . : é $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, = A 3 2 : = $3. One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper; postpaid, . : Aisek HF Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, tf ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions, each, Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. 2¢. &a> Scientific publications desired in exchange. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH— STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. aa Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates:— Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . S caD .60 Quarter * a: aS 1.25 1.00 Half ne se on : . 2.25 ies) One BS es aS 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epirors oF Psycue, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & Sonn,” Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. PSYCHE. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE. Klaeger’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no. 00-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-5, $1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in packages of 500; smaller lots, 20 ets. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 25 & 35 em., 45 ets. Light mailing boxes, 17 & 22 em., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 30 X 8.5 X 0.5 em., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8X 50 mm., 10 60 mm., 12 & 70 mm., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 cts. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 22 14 mm., 35 cts. per 1000; 2712 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of the under side of Zucanus cervus: each 50 cts. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Prckman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUTTERFLIES WANTED. The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stagés of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Entomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10cents. © E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. eee Ce a. RECENT STUDIES IN INSECT ANATOMY.’ THIRD ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. In the annual address expected from the chair of the Cambridge Entomological club, your first President discussed the then re- cent contributions to our knowledge of the life-history of insects, and last year some of the phenomena of their geographical dis- tribution were brought to your notice; a third side of entomological study fortu- nately remauns for me, and so— simply as a recorder, not as a critic —I will en- deavor to lay before you tonight a brief re- view of the works relating to insect anat- omy and physiology which have been pub- lished during the past two years. As this could not have been attempted, without the aid of Prof. Carus’ Zoologischer An- zeiger, let me join in the paean which grateful zoologists raise to the editor and publisher of this invaluable record of zo- ological progress.? We find very few general works, as one may suppose, to be noticed. The conclud- ing part of Dr. Graber’s useful manual 1 After much of this address was written, the record by Mr. Frank Crisp in the Monthly Journ. Royal Micros. Society came to my notice, and proved useful, as will be seen, in many cases. 2 Les Abeilles, organs et functions, ete. Paris, Bailliere, Dec. 1878. 288 p., 1 pl., 30 figs. ’ ‘*Die Insecten,” has just appeared. It contains the chapters on embryology and development, and as the first general sketch of the subject, its publication is certainly epoch-making. Mr. Emerton’s ‘ Struc- ture and Habits of Spiders” contains much on the anatomy and development of these animals, and, with its numerous original figures, will be of great service to general students. Mr. Maurice Girard? has published a work on bees, which I have not yet seen. And this is also the case with Dr. H. Gren- acher’s large work on the structure of the arthopod eye.? The first annual report of the U. S. En- tomological Commission contains a general sketch of the anatomy of Caloptenus, by Dr. Packard, the most important part of which is the description of the respiratory system, with its tracheae and air-sacs. There is also a section* on the histology of the digestive tract, by Dr. C. S. Minot. Previously unnoticed structures, in the shape 3 Untersuch. u. d. Sehorgan der Arthropoden. Gottingen, 1879. *See also Dr. Minot’s article, Amer. Nat., (June 1878,) v. 12, p. 339. 28 of twelve longitudinal, forward projecting, folds on the border between the stomach and ileum, are described. Of the papers on the general anatomy of groups or species, is one of considerable length by Dr. Ernst Voges,® on the Juli- dae, the greater part being a description of species, particularly, however, in respect to the male génital armature. There is also a general description of the dermal skeleton, with its muscles, of the tracheal system, and of the scent glands; the sec- tion on the tracheal system being the most important. Voges regards the mouths of the tracheae in the “stigmatic pouches,” as the morphological stigmata ; the pouches themselves being simple infoldings of the derm, carrying the true stigmata within the body. The scent glands are retort- shaped bodies, the necks of which open, of course, into ‘‘ foramina repugnatoria,” and are provided with an automatic plug, the mouth being opened by the contraction of the muscle appended to each gland. In a later note ® Dr. Voges describes the tracheal system of Glomeris, which seems to approach that of the hexapods, as there is no stigmatic sac, but true stigmata which open externally, leading into short tubes (probably modified tracheal trunks), which bifurcate, their forks giving rise in turn to furcating tracheae. There is, how- ever, no tracheal anastomosis. The stig- mata are armed against the entrance of impurities by an edging of numerous thorn- like structures. It should be remembered that the tubes have points for the insertion special muscles, like the stigmatic sacs of Julus. 5 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. v. 31, p. 127. 6Carus’ Zool. Anzeig., v. 1, p. 361. -that of larval insects. PSYCHE. Mr. S. Sograff sums up his studies on certain Chilopods in a short note in Carus’ Zool. Anzeiger (v. 2, p. 16). Among the points referred to may be mentioned the following: The tracheae resemble those of lepidopterous larvae, and are provided with a simple, though very peculiar stig- matic closing apparatus. The brain con- sists of fibres and of cells of two sorts, the smaller of which recall those of hexapods. The form of the brain depends on the number of eyes and length of body. The longer a chilopod is, the fewer eyes, and the smaller optic lobes, consequently. The latter are totally wanting in Himantarium. The structure of the eye closely approaches The ovaries are much like those of spiders; the nearly ripe eggs are clothed with small, probably epi- thelial, cells. The receptaculum seminis shows a distinct muscular and epithelial wall. The testes are filled with large, quadrangular big-nucleated, mother cells, which probably arise from the epithelium of the thin, upper part. The walls of the sperm-reservoirs have an epithelial, and a delicate reticulate muscular, layer. Glands are very numerous. The poison glands consist of a stout chitinous duct, whose walls are pierced with very many chitinous tubelets which end in pear-shaped glands. The whole glandular system is clothed with a muscular rete, as Leydig has already shown to be the case with the nervous system. The poison glands of centipedes have been, however, previously described by Mr. Jules Macleod.’ According to the latter writer, the glands lie in the terminal joint 7 Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., v. 44, no. 6. PSYCHE. 29 of the forceps, extending into the distal half of the basal joint. Each gland is in the shape of a long sac, in the middle of which runs a chitinous excretory tube strengthened by a spiral fibre, trachea- like. Minute perforated cylinders cover the outside of the tube, to which are at- tached the very long glandular cells, radiat- ing out from the central tube. The gland is enveloped exteriorly by a tunica propria, which is inflected along one side and prob- ably reaches, and is attached to, the central tube, thus making a long narrow furrow along the gland. The latter is remarkable for the want of tracheae. The central tube opens very obliquelyson the upper surface of the forceps just behind the point, form- ing a minute, long-oval cleft. Mr. J. A. Ryder’s papers® on Lury- pauropus, though not anatomical, deserve mention here as recording the discovery of new genus of Pauropods. superficially differs from Pawropus, as does Polydesmus from Julus, that is, it is a flat. tened and obtected form. There are only six actual segmeuts, instead of ten as in Pauropus, but like the latter nine pairs of legs. Ryder wrongly (as he has since recognized) figures the legs as terminating with two claws, instead of one. The mouth parts, moreover, seem to me to project backwards instead of for- ward as represented by Ryder. The lar- vae are very odd, and apparently composed of only three segments. As in Pauropus, they are hexapod. Any addition to our knowledge of that remarkable form Peripatus, which we must Hurypauropus Eyes are wanting. 8 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci: Phila., 1879, p. 139, 164. Amer. Nat., vy. 13, p. 603. * Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci., v. 19, p.431; also Ca- rus’ Anzeig., v. 2, p. 332. recognize as a tracheate arthropod, and which can hardly fail to throw important light on the whole group, is also to be Mr. F. M. Balfour has just published a short note*® on Peripatus capensis. nized as segmental, are found ‘ at the bases of the feet in two lateral divisions of the body-cavity, shut off from the central me- dian division by longitudinal septa of trans- verse muscles.” These consist of : a dilated vesicle opening at the base of the feet; a gladly recorded. Organs, apparently to be recog- coiled glandular tube connected with this and subdivided again into several minor divisions ; a short terminal portion opening into the body cavity. gans approach more nearly those of the leech. There are besides two glandular bodies. Balfour finds a suboesophageal ganglion, and distinct ventral ganglionic swellings for each pair of feet. In the nervous sys- tem there is, therefore, more resemblance to the normal articulate nerve chain than has been supposed to exist. There are traces also of a sympathetic system, The organ doubtfully described by Mose- ley as a fat body, turns out to be a glandu- lar tube, opening by a non-glandular duct into the mouth. This Balfour regards as homologous with the salivary glands, and thus of course we find another arthropodan affinity in Peripatus. Mr. A. Croneberg gives an abstract ” of a paper in the Russian language, on the structure of three genera of Hydrachnida (Hydrachna, Eylais, Nesaea). The mouth parts, the genital, and digestive organs are These segmental or- 10Carus’ Zool. Anz., v. 1, p.315. Croneberg has also published a paper (Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mos- cow, 1879, No. 2, 234), not yet come to hand, on the structure of Trombidium. 30 described. The latter consist of a large stomach with a variable number of coeca, —5 in Nesaea, 11 in Hydrachna, 34 in Eylais. All these coeca communicate with each other, and are clothed with large, brown cells, numbers of which also occur in the stomach, and represent the liver. The excretory organs are reduced in Hy- drachna to a single median sac, wider an- In WNesaea it divides into four short branches, but it is more complex in Eylais. The terminal portion in all tends downward and runs direct to the teriorly. anus. There is no rectum, the stomach ending A sort of fat body is found about the digestive organs. There are three sets of oral glands in Lylais which open by a common duct into the mouth. A paper! by the late Dr. Hermann Le- bert, Die Spinuen der Schweiz, Bau und Leben, &c., I have not been able to see. Dr. Batelli”” has studied the anatomy of the larva of Hristalis tenax. The exter- nal tube of the long tail is regarded as a modified segment, which is shown by the presence of the lateral papillae, each with its long hair, as occurs in the other body segments. The retraction of the internal tube is by two muscles inserted at its supe- riore xtre nity, blindly, according to Croneberg. where there are some gi- gantic cells with large nuclei, having in the interior, as a product of elaboration, a long twisted filament. Connected with the two tracheae are two air sacs almost the Neu Denkschr. d. allg. Schweiz. Ges. f. Na- turw., v. 28. Sohn. 12 Soc. Toscan. di Sci. Nat., Proc. Verb., Nov. 1878. Shortened from notice in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5, v. 3, p. 94. Also separate, by Friedlander und PSYCHE. length of the body. The digestive appara- tus has in its vestibule two chitinous plates. In the pharynx, besides the two jaws, are eight peculiar beards, consisting of two se- ries of divaricated barbules. The salivary ducts are lined with a spiral thread, as is often the case. The chylific stomach is preceded by four ventricular glands, and there are four Malpighian tubes. The anal glands contain a great quantity of urates, and are composed of a straight part and another folded back. Besides the supra- and sub- oesophageal ganglia are two inter - mediate ones connected by means of a pe- duncle to the lateral commisure. The fol- lowing ganglia are united. Mr. Carl Gissler’® has described the anatomy of the once rare Amblychilacyl- indriformis, and figures parts of the ner- vous, digestive, and reproductive systems. No new results are to be noted. Turning now to special papers on the anatomy of particular organs or systems, we may first notice several on the dermal skeleton and its appendages. Led by Darwin’s difficulty in reconciling the great difference between the worker ants and the sexual individuals, Dr. H. Dewitz has studied the development of the legs, and especially of the wings in Formica rufa. His results, together with some additional observations on the devel- opment of the wings in lepidoptera, are best summed up by using nearly his own language: ‘‘ The ant-workers, like the 13 Psyche, v. 2, p. 259. 14 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. v. 80, Suppl., p. 78; sup- plementary note, ‘bid, v. 31, p. 25; also Sitzungsb. Ges. Nat., Berlin, 1878, 122. PSYCHE. 31 males and females, possess in their young stages small, yet identically formed wing- buds [‘‘ imaginal dises””] which retrograde during further growth. ** The thoracic appendages of ants make their first appearance in the young larva, as dise-shaped thickenings of the hypoderm, which divide into a core (leg or wing), and an envelope, with an external opening (covered, of course, by the chitin layer). The envelope grows into a sac or pocket- shaped fold within the body cavity; the core or bud into the respective leg or wing. During the transition to the pupal stage the sac is turned inside out, or rather the opening which existed from the first, be- comes enlarged and the appendage is thrust forth. ** The developing leg or wing of the ant and bee casts its skin while yet in the larval stage ; so that, in respect to undergoing a moult, there is not the least difference be- tween the postembryonal formed append- ages of insects with a perfect or imperfect metamorphosis (e. g., leg and wing of the ant, wing and ovipositor of the grasshop- per) ; the difference being simply that in insects with perfect metamorphosis the new forming appendage lies generally hidden in infoldings of the hypoderm, making its first appearance outwardly during pupa- tion ; while in insects with imperfect met- amorphosis, this occurs at the beginning. ** Likewise the formation of the lepidop- terous wing, and, according to my view, of the appendages of all insects, starts from the hypoderm, although perhaps the enter- ing tracheae, nerves, &c., effect the internal formation of the appendage. 15 Carus’ Zool. Anz., v. 2, p. 135. 16 Salzburg, Verf., 1878. “The great difference between ant work- ers and females is not brought about by different treatment of the larvae or eggs by the mature workers, but while yet in the maternal body the egg receives the imprint of its future destination.” Dewitz farther studied the mode of origin of the thoracic thorns in Myrmica, which grow directly out of the hypodermis, thus behaving very differently from the locomo- tive appendages. A section on the difficulty of accounting for the inheritance of worker characters, which Dewitz cannot help to clear up, concludes this interesting paper. Dr. Dewitz also in a short note ” records a case of malformation in which five joints of one of the hind legs protruded through the larval skin of an ant (Alta insularis) nearly ready to pupate. Dewitz does not, however, think that this is simply a case of incompleted moult, but believes that the leg from the first, instead of lying in the hypo- dermic infolded sack, grew outwards and, being unable to separate the hypoderm from the chitinous layer, pierced the latter before it became much hardened. A paper by Mr. Antoine Simon, on the Hautskelet der arthrogastrischen Arachni- den *° I have not seen. Schneider, in a paper™ of nearly sixty pages in length, describes the different forms of scales found on the different parts of the body and wings of the lepidoptera. Two plates illustrate these forms, and a diagram of a lepidopter, showing the character of the scales on different parts in the Rhopalocera and Heterocera, is also given. Mr. Joseph Beck * adds a little note to his studies on the scales of insects. Ina 7 Zeitschr. ges. Naturwiss., v. 51, p. 1. 18 Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 810. 32 species of Mormo he has found scales show- ing under a 1-5 “notes of exclamation” like Thysanouran scales, while with a 1-10 the real ribbed structure of the scale is evident. It is also stated that corrugations of lepidopterous scales are invariably found on the under side only. Just the opposite is maintained by Dr. H. Burmeister,” who also believes that there is no internal mem- brane. ‘The striae are due to filaments ele- vated on the inner side of the upper mem- brane. In the large scales of Castnia they do not traverse the scale, but terminate free. The lower membrane has a different inter- nal structure showing a great number of small irregular transverse lines. Haller * figures and describes peculiar forms found in the terminal hair brushes of Polyxenus. 'These are transparent, hooked at the end, which has three or four slender clubbed processes directed backwards and The sides of the hair are barbed with forward directed points. These hairs are surrounded with shorter club shaped ones. There are also larger double comb-like hairs, the teeth of which point forwards. Ignorant of Hick’s long since published paper,” Haller also describes briefly the sucking hairs on the tarsus of male water beetles (Dytiscus) ; nothing newis reported. Dr. Ph. Bertkau has described * an in- teresting scent apparatus on the last pair of legs in the male of Hepialus hecta, L. In this moth the posterior tarsi are aborted, and the tibiae are large and club-shaped, lying in the same plane. 19 Descr. Phys., Republ. Argentine, v. 5, p. 21. See notice Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 866. 20 Arch. f. Naturg., v. 44, p. 99. 21 Zinn. Trans., v. 22, p. 147, 383. 22 Arch. Naturg., v. 44, p. 97. PSYCHE. their interior being filled with long glands which each open ina pore. <A long hair covers each pore, and on the inside of the tibiae these hairs form athick brush. ‘The first abdominal segment, moreover, has be- neath two pockets, formed by an infolding of delicate skin, the margins of which are In rest the moth keeps the hinder tibiae in these pock- ets, the long hairs on both effectually pre- venting the escape of the ethereal oil se- creted by the tibial glands, which has a pleasant aromatic odor. This of course recalls the scent apparatus on butterfly wings described by Fritz Miiller, and must serve as an attraction to the opposite sex. Mr. Brunner von Wattenwy] ™ has found a peculiar organ on the hind femora of the Acrididae. In the furrow on the under side, into which the tibia fits, about one fourth from the base, is a small wart- also provided with long hairs. shaped elevation, open in the centre, where there is a soft pad, sometimes projecting like a blunt tubercle. The raised margin of the elevation is on the basal side beset with some delicate white hairs. The pad, which has a glandular appearance, is .al- ways white or gray. It is found only in the jumping tribes, but occurs both in chirping and dumb species. No suggestion as to its function is offered. Messrs. Perez and Jousset De Bell- esme * discuss the nature of buzzing in in- sects. True buzzing is the sound emitted by rapid wing vibrations (exceeding 80). The hum of the hawk-moths is simply the 23 Katter’s Ent. Nachr., No. 17, 223. 24 Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 25 Comptes rend., v. &7. 26 Ibid., p. 535. PSYCHE. 33 friction of the wing against the air. Hy- menoptera and diptera are the only true buzzing insects, and according to De Bel- lesme produce two sounds, a grave and a sharp. The latter is produced by the vibra- tions of the thorax. The thoracic stigmata may be closed without destroying the hum- ming power, thus disproving Landois’s theory. Mr. Perez” in a supplementary com- munication does not agree with Mr. De Bellesme in thinking that a conical move- ment of the thorax (whatever that may be) ean produce a sound, because on fixing the animal with a pin the movements are very attenuated, without the movements of the wings and the buzzing being destroyed, or even weakened.” Mr. Carl Gissler describes * the repug- natorial glands of Hleodes as two reddish- brown, semi-bilobed pieces in the form of a Y, extending from the base of the last, to the middle of the second segment, a length of about 6.5 mm. He did not suc- ceed in recognizing the nature of the secre- tion. The balancers in the diptera have been studied by Messrs. J. De Bellesme *® and Rob. Desvoidy,® but I have not been able to see the paper of either. Dr. W. Breitenbach ® describes the pe- culiar appendages on the proboscis of the lepidoptera, which he thinks enable the insect to pierce the tissues of flowers, &c., for honey or other juices. The orange- 27 Rev. Internat. Soc., v. 3, (79), p. 281. 28 Quoted from Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 408. 29 Psyche, v. 2, p. 209. ®) Balanciers chez les Ins. dipt. 96 pp. Paris, Germar Bailliere & Cie. 81 Bull. sci. Dépmt. du Nord, 2 s., v. 1, p. 217. sucking moth, Ophideres fullonica, the structure of whose proboscis was first made known by Mr. Francis Darwin, is of course the typical example of this power in the lepidoptera, but Breitenbach shows that many other genera of butterflies and moths are armed, though less formidably, for sim- ilar purposes. These appendages are of course confined to the end of the proboscis, and are modifications of simple hair struc- tures, such as are found on the basal por- tion, consisting of the hair itself and the annular basal ridge from which it grows. This ring becomes lengthened into a cylin- drical body, still having the terminal hair, which, however, becomes much reduced — often to a simple papilla. The end of the cylinder is then armed with teeth, or its sides develop ribs or plates, or sometimes several rows of teeth. Indeed we find a large number of patterns connected by more or less numerous stages of develop- ment, and which Breitenbach believes may furnish useful systematic characters. Every step in the evolution of the simple hair to the perfected barb on the proboscis of Ophideres may be traced. The author seeks to reconcile the view that these structures are taste organs, by suggest- ing that this function may belong to the simple hairs, some of which, however, have been developed by natural selection into boring organs.” Mr. Jules Kiinckel™ has examined the termination of the nerves in the proboscis 82 Arch. Mikr. Anat., v. 15, p. 8, and Katter’s Entom. Nachr., v. 5, p. 238. 33 See also a note in Carus’ Zool. Anzeig., v. 2, p. 427. 84 Assoc. Franc. Avance. Sci. (1878), 771. From notice in Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 865. 34 of diptera. The two terminal flaps of the proboscis represent the labial palpi. The trachea-like internal structures are not real tracheae, but simply supports of the flaps. Parallel to the large trunk of these false tracheae, is the labial nerve, which soon divides into two parts, and sends a multi- tude of ramifications to the periphery and inner surface of the flaps. The former terminate in the marginal, well developed, hairs; the latter in the rudimentary hairs of the inner surface, which are reduced to a minute chitinous cylinder. The nerve filament that goes to a hair ends in the base of the latter ; but in the rudimentary hairs the filament traversing the cylinder projects beyond. These are probably gustatory, and the former tactile. Mr. V. T. Chambers® describes the structure of the tongue in some hymenop- tera. In the Apidae he decides it is a sucking organ, but not in the Andrenidae. The honey in the former passes through a hollow colorless tube open at the apex, with a smallest diameter of 1-20th of a mil- limetre ; but in the latter this tube is imper- forate at the apex. Mr. J. D. Hyatt also discusses * the same subject, differing, how- ever, from Mr. Chambers, in believing the colorless rod to be open along the median ventral line, and applied to the ventral, instead of dorsal, internal aspect of the tongue itself. Both writers are unfortu- nately unacquainted with the recent descrip- tions of Wollf and Graber. Mr. Chatin compares™ the labium in the orthoptera with the maxilla, and finds that the pieces of the latter have homolo- 85 Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 1, p. 40, 161. 35 Amer. Quart. Micr. Journ., v. 1, p. 287. 87 Comptes rend., vy. 87. PSYCHE. Locusta viridissima is taken as an example. I have myself attempted ® to describe the structure of the head, and more par- ticularly of the maxillae, in the Psovidae. The latter are remarkable for their fork- like appendage, the morphology of which is not clear. Supposed salivary recepta- cles are also described. The most valuable paper relating to the digestive system is Dr. E. Schindler’s monograph® on the Malpighian vessels. After the usual prefatory history of the conflicting views as to their function, Dr. Schindler describes these organs in detail in the orthoptera. Histologically, by the way, each tube shows (1) a serous mem- brane, (2) a delicate tunica propria, (3) the glandular epithelium, and sometimes (4) an intima with pores. The author could not find the vessels in Thysanoura ; in Lepisma, however, he believes there are eight arising from the posterior end of the chylific stomach. In Mantis they are inserted at the end of the first third of the small intestine. The Malpighian tubes in the Gryllidae, as well known, are remark- able in the possession of a common excre- tory duct, which Dr. Schindler finds has The term- inal appendages, imperfectly.described by Sirodot, are shown to belong to the con- nective tissues, and have not in any way an excretory function. Heidenhain’s sul- phindigotate experiment was tried with Gryllotalpa and Locusta (by injections of course), and the Malpighian vessels were found to act just like the mammalian urin- 38 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 19, p. 291; also Psyche, v. 2, No. 45. 39 Zeitschr. wiss. Zoologie, v. 30, p. 587. gues in the former. a peculiar muscular envelope. PSYCHE. 35 ary tubules. The gradual passage of the sulphindigotate could be traced through the excretory cells. The yellow and white forms of tubes are regarded as identical in function, and moreover the former are probably only a younger stage of the white tubes. The pseudoneuroptera are very like the orthoptera in the Malpighian vessels, and contract into the genuine neuroptera, when the number of tubes is only six or eight. Leaving the orthoptera, the other groups are then briefly treated. Dr. Schindler doubts Dr. Mark’s opin- ion that the vessels are ever solid in Le- canium, Aspidiotus, &c., as he has never failed to find a lumen in the case of every insect examined, although the genera-in question do not appear to have been among the number. The diptera are found to present sev- eral points of interest. The assertion that Culex and Psychoda have five Malpighian vessels is confirmed, and these genera are thus the only known exceptions among in- sects to the rule that the number of vessels istwo or some multiple. A singular differ- ence was found between Eristalis tenax and E. florens. The former shows the normal form of epithelial cells, while they are convex or even conical externally in the latter, giving the vessels a sort of gnarled surface, in the little hillocks of which the nucleus lies, drawing to it the granular contents of the cell, and leaving the inner portion pellucid. In Sarcophaga carnaria cells in different regions of a tube were seen multiplying by division and by proliferation. In the fan-winged moths six vessels were 49 Giebel’s Zeitschr. ges. Naturwiss., v. 51, p. 493. found, as in other lepidoptera, contrary to Suckow’s affirmation that they have only four. In a noctuid pupa all six vessels were found opening into a simple duct, — probably a malformation. Important ob- servations on the sympathetic nerve supply of the Malpighian vessels was made in Lu- prepia, to which I can only refer. Dr. Schindler declares confidently that his researches must forever settle all dis- pute about the function of the Malpigh- ian vessels. They are certainly urinary organs. The opposite view is, nevertheless, main- tained by Dr. H. Simroth, in a paper on the digestive system of the larva of Osmo- derma eremita,® who believes that, in this ease at least, these vessels must be hepatic. First, because they open into the digestive tract on the same level with the posterior coecal appendages which exist in this larva, and the presence, moreover, of a gutter-like arrangement, which Simroth believes must lead their secretion even farther forward in the digestive tract. Second, he has not found urinary contents ; finally, because digestion must take place posteriorly to their insertion. We have such conclusive evidence in many cases of the renal nature of the Malpighian vessels that it is hard to believe that we have a real exception here; and if we concede to such an exception, the absence of renal organs must still be explained. Simroth’s arguments at least show the necessity of farther study of the action of the compli- cated parts in this insect, which Simroth carefully describes, but of which it would be hard to give an intelligible account here. Mr. Felix Plateau continues his re- 36 searches on the digestive organs, by a pa- per 41 The digestive tube shows three divisions: an oral, middle, and terminal. The first may be short and broad (Julus), or long and narrow (Geophilus). The epithelial layer is sometimes wanting, and the cuticle has sometimes projecting points. The terminal division is often short, but in some forms (Gilomeris) becomes very long, and is coiled. There is a pair of salivary glands, and one or two pairs of Malpighian tubes ; the latter open at the end of the mid-gut, and seem to be urinary organs. Dr. Forel * describes the gizzard in the different groups of ants, claiming its im- portance, and the importance of a general knowledge of internal as well as external anatomy, for natural classification. The gizzard in the ants is composed of three divisions, the second of which is a simple slender tube, the cylindrical protrusion of which into the interior of the stomach form the third division, which differs only in this position in the stomach from the sec- ond. The cuticular intima of these divisions turns on itself at the opening of the third, into the stomach, and thus covers it ex- ternally ; but on reaching the gastric cells of the stomach it vanishes, leaving the stomach without any intima, — differing from the rest of the digestive tract in this respect. The middle or cylindrical division never varies in the different genera except on this system in the myriapods. as to length, but it disappears entirely in some groups. Anteriorly the cylindrical part expands suddenly into the anterior di- vision — the true gizzard — which in con- #1 Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg., v. 42. 42 Bull. Soc. Vaudoise des Sci. nat., v. 15, p. 337. 43 Bull. Acad. Belg., v. 46, p. 698-706. There PSYCHE. trast to the former, varies in the different groups. This division consists of two parts, a globular ‘* bowl ” and a cylindrical ‘* calyx,” the latter the anterior. In these the interior cuticle is thrown into four large longitudinal folds, so that the lumen is X-shaped in cross section. Between the ‘* bowl” and the ‘‘ calyx” there is a valy- ular apparatus of four pieces, correspond- ing to the fold. Four powerful longitudi- nal muscles lie in the fold. The structure of this anterior division, as seen from the description just given, is too complex to be understood properly without reference to the figures. The forms occuring in differ- ent genera are described, and their value for classification is pointed out. Mr. V. Liénard has published * some ‘* Recherches sur la structure de l’appareil digestif des Mygales et des Néphiles,” which have not yet reached us. A note im Carus’ Anzeiger states as a result, ‘‘ There is no glandular organ attached to the cephalo- thoracic portion of the intestine; the branches of the latter ramify more and more as the size of the animal increases.” Mr. L. Joulin* shows graphically the changes in weight undergone by a lepidop- ter, from birth to death, by a curve, the ordinates of which represent the weight, and the abscissae the age, of an individual. The curve is seen to ascend with great ra- pidity, till the larva ceases to eat, then falls as suddenly till nearly half reduced, when it declines gently during the last pupal days, suddenly falling at exclusion, — the result of the lost weight of cast skin, &e. — from which time there is another grad- is also a “ Rapport sur ce travail,” Ibid., p. 586-7, by M. F. Plateau. 44 Comptes rendus, v. 87, p. 334. PSYCHE: ual fall till death, varied of course in feed- ing imagos by slight rises and falls. Prof. Engelmann communicates * some observations made by Van Lidth de Jeude, on the silk glands of the silk worm. Each gland beyond the common duct, con- sists of a very fine duct, a stout, little con- torted, intermediate division (so-called res- ervoir), and a long much contorted final division; each part has a delicate mem- brana propria, andan epithelial layer. The inner surface of the duct and beginning of the next part have also a firm cuticle. Nu- merous fine tracheae penetrate the epithel- ium of the middle and end divisions, as do also accompanying on independent nerve fibres. the three portions ; two cells only appear The nature of the protoplasm of the cells of each division is further described at length. The silk-gum and the yellow coloring mat- ter were found to be secreted by the middle The specific peculiarities of the silk are developed after the union of the two ducts. Silk spun under water was found not to differ from that spun in the air, thus precluding the idea that drying is necessary. Concerning the nervous system may first be mentioned the papers of Dr. Edouard Brandt,** who has undertaken a most com- The epithelial cells are diverse in in a cross section (more in Cossus). division. prehensive series of studies on this subject, 1032 species of hymenoptera, coleoptera, hemiptera, lepidoptera, and diptera having been examined. ‘The results show: 1. In some forms, as in Stylops, the suboesopha- 45 Carus’ Zool. Anzeig., v.1,p. 100. Original in Onderzock. Phys. Labr. Utrecht. 3 R. v. 2, p. 115. 46 T have not seen the original papers in the Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vy. 14 and 15. My informa- 37 geal ganglion fuses with the next posterior. 2. ‘*Convolutions” of the brain occur in all; but (3) vary in different individuals of the same species, and are less developed in the males of the social hymenoptera 4. A connection between the development of the instincts and that of the brain hemispheres. 5. The labrum nerves arise from the oeso- phageal nerve-ring. 6. When two thora- cic ganglia exist, the first corresponds to the first or the first two larval ganglia ; the second to the one or two thoracic and one 7. The number of ganglia may vary in the same species, e. g., bees and wasps. lion may be compound instead of the ulti- mate one. 9. Bombus and Tenthredo have a thoracic sympathetic system like that of the abdomen. 10. The resolution of one lar- val ganglion into a number in the adult may occur, as in Volucella. 11. In cases of a single ganglion in the thorax of hemiptera, this corresponds to the last two thoracic and all the abdominal ganglia. 12. Lepi- doptera have four abdominal and either two or three thoracic ganglia. Mr. N. M. Wagner” points out the supra-oesophageal ganglion as the seat of almost all the functions of the cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrates, and it, in correlation, has a more complex structure than the succeeding ganglia, though formed on the same plan. Nerve cells occupy the periphery, and fibres the interior ; towards the centre are three groups of small cells one above the other, and connected by a than in the females and workers. abdominal ganglia. 8. The penultimate gang- tion is taken from the Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 863. See also Comptes Rend., v. 89, p. 475. 47 Comptes rend., 1879, p.378. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov. 1879, p. 398. 38 PSYCHE. large number of fibres. is intimately connected with the convolu- tions. Intercrossing of fibres occurs in each optic lobe, coordinating the vision of the components of each eye, but there is no intercrossing between those of opposite eyes. Dr. J. H. L. Flégel * makes the most important contribution yet given to the knowledge of the internal structure of the insect brain. sections of the brains of very many spe- cies, and the paper is accompanied by a dozen selected photographs from these preparations. In the cockroach, for exam- ple, he succeeds in making 60-80 trans- verse, and in one case even 350 longitu- dinal, sections. This insect was unexpect- edly found to have a remarkable brain de- velopment, perfectly comparable with that of the higher hymenoptera. The most im- portant parts of the brain are those form- ing a sort of interior framework, on which the rest of the brain is seemingly laid. Dr. Flégel proposes permanent names for the different parts of this framework, and finds that, starting with Blatta, the parts can be traced upwards through the brain of the hymenoptera, and downwards through the other orders. Some few of the facts given may be here mentioned. The wasps have a brain, at one end of the series. further removed from that of the ants and bees, than is the latter from Blatta. The saw flies stand lowest of the hymenoptera in the scale, while the ichneumons approach the ants. In the lep- idoptera, coleoptera, and indeed the other groups in general, the brain is simpler, al- though it can be easily homologized with the Blatta type. In caterpillars some parts He has made consecutive 48 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., v. 30, Suppl., p. 556. The front group: are-absent or very small, and easily over- looked, and the optical lobes of the imago are, moreover, drawn into the interior of the larval brain. Flégel emphasizes three points: the constant occurence of that part of the framework which he calls the ** cen- tral body,” in the adult, while it is almost obsolete in the lepidopterous larva, but not in the hymenopterous ; the size of the lobus olfactorius in insects with small antennae, but with evidently great olfactory powers, proves, Flogel believes, that the antennae are the seat of this sense. That they are not auditory organs appears from the fact that where these are elsewhere recogniza- ble, as in the orthoptera, they are not con- nected with any marked brain centre, like the olfactory lobes. Thirdly, although the so-called framework forms the principal part of the brain, there is absolutely no connection of its fibres with the other parts of the brain to be found, —a quite inex- plicable fact. A table illustrating the rela- tions between the brains of different insects is appended to the paper. Another very valuable contribution to this same subject is Mr. E. T. Newton’s paper * on the brain of the cockroach ; his results, reached without previous knowl- edge of Dr. Flégel’s paper, agree substan- tially with those of this author. For still further permanence of cerebral nomencla- ture, Mr. Newton latinizes Flogel’s names, and in one or two cases proposes different ones, for various reasons. The clearest figures yet given illustrate the external as- pect of the brain en face and in profile, while the figures of a model of the internal structures are very useful as a help to in- terpret the sectional views. A detailed de- 49 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., v. 19, p. 340. zu PSYCHE. scription of a number of the latter is given, with good figures. Like Flégel, Newton was unable to find the connection of the in- ternal ‘‘ framework ” with other parts of the nervous system. Dr. E. Berger has a memoir,” which I have not been able to see, on the structure of the brain and retina in the arthropods. It is, however, noticed by Newton in the preceding paper, who says it ‘‘is largely occupied with the description of the retina and the structures to be found in the optic lobes of arthropods. It is extremely inter- esting to find that the peculiar oval bodies which Leydig figured from the optic lobe of Dytiscus, and were afterwards described and figured by me in the eye of the lobster are to be found in a more or less modified form in all the insects and crustacea de- scribed by Berger. The remarkable cross- ing of the nerve fibres between the retina and the lenticular bodies is seen not to be peculiar to the lobster. The brains of a number of insects are described, and in each of them the author seems to have found the homologues of the ‘ mushroom bodies,’ although in some, e. g., the diptera, they are very rudimentary.” Our fellow member, Dr. E. L. Mark, has described * the nervous system of Phylloxera, correcting Prof. Riley’s * de- scription. The most striking peculiarity is the want of that concentration found in most of the plant-lice, there being two in- stead of one, post-oral ganglionic masses, 5) Arb. Inst. Wien, v. 1, p. 173. 51 Psyche, v. 2, p. 201, Jan. 1879. 52 Prof. Riley admits his error in this respect (Psyche, v. 2, p. 225). In the same note he com- bats Cornu’s opinion that the mechanical action of the puncture and the subsequent absorption of 39 the first of which is a flattened, rounded mass, connected by very stout and short commissures with the second, larger, heart- shaped ganglion, the point of which con- tinues into a median nerve which, shortly, bifurcates. A good figure of the parts is given. Mr. Jules Kiinckel emphasizes in a short note * the importance of the nervous sys- tem as a guide to classification of insects, and discusses the affinities of the different families of diptera on this basis, a matter with which we are not here concerned ; but the fact that five families — Stratiomyidae, Conopidae, Tabanidae, Syrphidae, and certain acalypterous Muscidae — show a decentralization of the nervous system in the adult is very interesting. In these cases the ganglia, which are separated in the embryo, in the larva approach and coa- lesce, only to be again separated while in the pupal stage. Of the other diptera, some groups show the usual centralizing tendency with the development of the in- sect, and in others the ganglia remain in the same condition through life. I have also a reference to a paper * by Mr. J. W. Slater on the nervous system, but I have not seen it. New methods of preparation have given great impetus to the study of the eye, and we find several papers to record besides the independent work of Grenacher, already alluded to. Mr. B. T. Lowne is the author of one * on the modifications of the simple liquid, can alone account for the development of Phylloxera, or other, galls. 53 Comptes rend., v. 89, p. 491. 54 The Entomologist, v. 12, p. 291. 65 Phil. Trans., v. 169, p. 577. 40 and compound eye in insects. The former is believed to be of little use except merely in perceiving the intensity of light. The latter includes two radically different eyes : a true compound eye in the brachycerous diptera, the lepidoptera, orthoptera, and coleoptera ; and the aggregate eye in the hymenoptera, nematocerous diptera, hem- iptera, and many coleoptera. The de- tails of structure are of course too complex to admit of an intelligible abstract. Miil- ler’s, or the ‘‘ mosaic” theory of vision is regarded as the most probable, and Mr. Lowne’s remarks on the sharpness of insect vision are most interesting. -Aeschna, Ves- pa, and Bombus are supposed to see an object 20 feet distant, in the same detail as man would do at 160 feet, and this when the object is in the line of greatest sharp- ness of vision. Tabanus sees in the same way at 20 to 360; Syrphus, 20 to 1200, Noctua, 20 to 2400, and Tipula, 20 to 4800. In Mr. Lowne’s view then, the in- sect eye is far from sharp-sigh‘ed, and if he is correct it would seem difficult to explain the delicate patterns of coloration by sexual selection, as has generally been done. Prof. Grenacher’s work leads Dr. V. Graber * to publish an important paper on the simple eye of the Tracheata, especially referring to spiders and myriapods, the lat- ter group having been neglected by Grena- cher. stemma, shows the pore canals as well as the lamination of the rest of the cuticula. The crystalline body (hypoderm) is sepa- rated from the retina by a lamella, which is the extension of the inner cuticular mem- brane which underlies the hypoderm. 56 Arch. Mik. Anat., v. 17, p. 58. 57 Morphol. Jahrbuch, v. 4, p. 279. The cornea of the simple eye or PSYCHE. This fact speaks against the hypodermic origin of the retina. The inner cuticula also extends downwards, clothing the whole retinal elements (sclera). The retinal seg- ments are not single cells like those of the facetted eye, but show a basal ganglionic cell and a nucleated distal cylinder. The axial rod of the cylinder in Buthus seems to be a direct continuation of the ganglion cell, and so of an optic fibre. The stemma of Buthus is nota single optic element, but really a pentamerous compound eye. Graber also points out the similarity be- tween the auditory elements (in Acrid- ium) and the optic elements are described. Mr. Anton Stecker® finds that in the pseudo-scorpion genus Chernes, which is usually eyeless, some specimens possess In Chernes cimicoides specimens were found with transparent rudimentary eyes. spots in the position of the eyes in chilo- pods. To these spots an optic nerve pro- ceeds from the optie lobes, but there is no About 33 per cent. of the specimens were thus semi- eyed. The rest were totally blind, and wanted the optic nerves. The former class were offspring of seeing parents, while if either parent was sightless, the young were always so. With these most interesting discoveries, is added the fact that the optie nerve seems to send many of its fibres to the connective tissue under the epiderm, thus assuming another function. Oscar Schmidt * in a short paper on the crystalline cone in arthropoda, discusses the mosaic theory of sight. His observations were mostly on the crustacea, a single par- agraph refering to Dyticus, in the eye of trace of the crystalline rods. 58 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. v. 30, Suppl., p. 1. PSYCHE. 41 which he succeeded in finding some obligue crystalline cones. Graber also describes an organ which he discovered in the antennae of several dip- tera, which he regards as auditory. This organ lies within the third antennal joint, on the inside and near the base. It is, briefly, a closed globular thick-walled, chitinous capsule, the wall being made up of rounded or oval plates, from each one of which springs interiorly a hair; a layer of epi- thelial cells surrounds the capsule, and out- side of this a tunica propria. A large nerve branch runs to this organ, but the intimate connection between the elements of the two could not be made out. Graber thinks, as will be supposed, that the hairs vibrate to sound waves, and he sees noth- ing to indicate that the organ may be other than auditory. The ordinary hairs cloth- ing the antennae, Graber shows, are in connection with special nerve elements, and are probably organs of touch. Another singular organ Graber finds © in an unknown dipterous larva, and this, too, as it can apparently be nothing else, is thought auditory. It is situated under the dorsal integument, from which it is quite independent, at the junction of the ninth and tenth segments, and just behind the dorsal vessel. It consists of a pear-shaped sac, prolonged backwards into a fine tube, the end of which, lying in the terminal seg- ment, unfortunately could not be demon- strated ; but Graber thinks the sac and its tube represent an infolding of the integu- ment. ‘I'wo diverging muscles inserted on the sides of the eighth segment support the 59 Arch. Mikr. Anat., v. 16, p. 36. Abstract, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 45. 60 Tbid., p. 47. 61 Carus’ Zool. Anzeig., v. 2, p. 229. forward end, the sac being thus suspended by two anterior and one posterior (the tube) braces. Within the sae are eight black rounded bodies, borne on short stalks, and looking like so many berries. These bodies — the presumed otoliths — are hung in four pairs, one behind the other, thus giv- ing a segmented character to the organ, which is still more apparent from the fact that the second pair, and the third and fourth — which are united together — lie in separate sacs within the first, like the coats of an onion. The organ is supplied with a nerve on each side, but nothing more definite could be shown. As to this larva, Dr. Hermann Krauss ® states that it is the larva of Tabanus autumnalis L., and that Prof. Brauer pointed out the organ in question to his classes four years ago. Krauss affirms that it is o be found in the perfect insect, by the study of which its nature can perhaps be settled. With regard to the supposed antennal otocysts of Graber, Dr. Paul Mayer in a letter to Carus’ Zool. Anzeiger (v. 2, p. 182), states that these are by no means closed vescicles but are really wide-open mouthed sacs. Moreover that though only one is present in Syphus and Drosophila, Sicus has at least three, and Eristalis a whole series, of them. Indeed, Mayer thinks the size of the third antennal joint stands in direct relation to the number of these organs borne on it. Musca vomitoria has nearly fifty, for example, which in this case have been described and figured by Leydig,” so that Graber cannot claim them as his discovery. Mayer believes them 62 Miiller’s Arch., 1860, p. 276, pl. 8. They are also described in Mr. Lowne’s monograph on the Blow-fly, London, 1870. This writer believes them olfactory organs. 42 probably sense organs, and has traced, in stained sections, nerve fibres into the hair- bearing hypodermic cells, but whether they are auditory or olfactory must be decided by future investigations. Dr. Mayer has also published a longer paper,” with plates, on the same organs. The hairs in the vesicles are pale and trans- parent, with rounded tips, and the euticula is also pale and delicate ; each hair belongs to a single cell, which sends up a process into the lumen of the hair. This is always the case, even in the small single-haired fossae. The observations of F. Berte,® on the antennae of Pulex, are criticized as very inaccurate. Dr. G. Haller © describes the respiratory The lateral tracheal trunks end separately in the longer anal process. system of mosquito larvae. The shorter process has gills furnished with branches from one of the main trunks. In the terminal segments of the larva is also an air reservoir con- sisting of a number of fine tracheal branch- lets, probably supplied by the second trunk. Hairs on the breathing tube are regarded as sensory, and connected with the terminal nerve ganglion. Other hairs on the body, including some resembling lepidopterous scales, are described. The breathing pore is provided with closing valves, but there is no similar arrangement in the pupal breathing horns. Dr. Philip Bertkau in a paper © on a nat- ural system of Arachnids, makes a few re- marks on the tracheae of some spiders, fig- ures of which are subjoined. 68 Mem. R. Accad. Lincei. Roma, 4 maggio 1879. 6+ Ricerche Lab. Anat. Roma, 1878, y. 2, p. 77-82. 6 Arch. Naturg., v. 44, p 91. norm. R. Univers. PSYCHE. I have only found one reference to the circulatory system of insects, which is a short note in Carus’ Zool. Anzeiger (v. 1, p- 274), by Dr. Béla Dezso, stating that in insects, myriapods and spiders, there are as many pairs of clefts in the dorsal vessel as there are pairs of stigmata. Schmiedeknecht in a monograph of the Thuringian species of Bombus, describes the male genitalia of each species, and he finds in them widely distinct specific char- acters. [ive pieces are recognized in these organs, and German names proposed, but these seem in no way preferable to the latin nomenclature of Thompson. The types of the external male genitalia of the European butterflies are described and figured by Dr. F. B. White,® whose paper will be of value to systematists. The apical segment, the dorsal element of which Dr. White calls the ** tezumen,” is wrongly regarded as the eighth instead of the ninth. Besides the paper on the gizzard in ants already mentioned, Dr. Aug. Forel has published another important anatomical contribution on the poison and anal glands of these insects. A careful descrip- tion is given of the former, and of its mod- According to the character of the poison reservoir the Formicidae are divided into two sharp groups, Camponotidae and Dolichoderidae. In the former, the reservoir is very large, and dorsally between its tunica propria and intima it is padded, so to speak, with the folds of an immensely long tube, simple or branching, which is probably a continua- ifications in different genera. 66 Arch. Naturg., v. 44, p. 351. 67 Jenaische Zeitschr. Nat., v. 12, p. 303. 68 Linn. Trans., s. 2, Zool., v. 1, p. 357. 89 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., v. 30, Suppl. p. 28. PSYCHE. tion of the tube in the poison glands, and which, after winding over the reservoir, finally opens into it. the reservoir is smaller, the homologous tube is short, and ends in a knob-like ex- pansion in the interior of the reservoir. In the second group Moreover, the tube does not simply pierce the wall of the reservoir, but pushes it in- wards, as it were, thus making for itself another envelope. The histology of the different parts is fully discussed, and many important general deductions are made. Besides the poison apparatus, Forel has discovered that the Dolichoderidae also possess anal glands and sacs, similar to those found in many insects, especially beetles. This anal sac lies above the di- gestive tract, and opens above the anus. Its secretion is probably mephitic, and recalls the secretion of Wolff’s mandibular glands in the bees. The author believes that Wolff is greatly in error in regard to his supposed organ of smell in the bees, which have indeed little development of this sense. From simple experiments on Polistes the antennae certainly seem the seat of the or- gan in question. The sting of the honey-bee is the subject of a short paper™ by Mr. J. D. Hyatt. The hard parts and their mode of action are described, and illustrated by sectional and other drawings. made out. Two papers relating to the male and fe- male reproductive apparatus of the cock- roach, I have not seen. One, however, by Mr. Siegf. Brehm™ appears to be written in Russian. The second” by Mr. Du- Nothing new seems to be 70 Amer. Quart. Micr. Journ., v. 1, p. 3. 71 Dissertatio Inaug., St. Petersburg, 1879. 43 champ, treats of the structure and develop- ment of the egg capsule ; a subject also no- ticed by Dr. H. Kadyi, in a note” on the ego laying apparatus of the cockroach. The the formed by two shield-like pro- sexual opening lies in a chamber vulva cesses of the seventh abdominal segment, and covered above by the anal segments. At the base of the vulva opens the vagina, a coecal, flattened tube, containing numer- ous chitinous structures, and among them three palpus-like organs. On the ventral vaginal wall is the common opening of the two oviducts ; and opposite that of the re- cept. seminis, and of the two accessory glands, a large branched one on the left, and a small one, hitherto overlooked, on the right. tion over the closed vulvar plates, to form the end of the egg case, which is thus a As the eggs are placed in position, the end of the case is gradually protruded, until it contains the regular number — sixteen — These glands pour their secre- cast of the inner surface of the plates. one from each ovarian tube. The posterior directed end of the escaping egg is placed downward in the case, and the eggs from the right ovary occupy the left side of the case, and vice versa. The inner end of the latter bears the marks of the papillae which hold it, and thus differs from the outer end. In concluding this review, I have only to say that I do not claim it as a complete record, but I hope to have given you a fair idea of the amount and character of the latest additions to our knowledge of insect anatomy. Epwarp Burcess. Boston, 9 Jan. 1880. 72 Revue Se. Nat., Montpellier, v. 7, p. 423. 78 Carus’ Zool. Anzeig., v. 2, p. 682. 44 PSYCHE. Sa Hi Ey CAMBRIDGE, MASS., MARCH 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad- vertising columns. TITLE SLIPS. The only kind of bibliographical record yet devised which can be always current, and still be conveniently arranged, is a card catalog. Recognizing this fact, most libraries in the front rank of the science catalog their books by a card system. To enable such libraries to work together and in the best way, a committee of the Ameri- ean Library Association (a society having for members the leading librarians and bibliographers of America, and, we do not hesitate to say, the most skilful managing librarians in the world), made a report upon uniform title-entries, which was pub- lished in the Library Journal (1878, v. 3, p- 12-20). In asucceeding numero of the same journal (1878, v. 3, p. 113-115), a report was made upon the subject of printed title slips, and, to put into practical shape the rules laid down in these reports, a monthly list of the books which appeared in America, during 1879, was published under the name of The Title-Slip Registry. This list was printed on one side of thin paper, for cutting and pasting upon the cards of library catalogs. To accord with the methods of work used and so carefully planned by the Lib- rary Association the mode of recording articles in PsycnE has been changed, and, at present, the title slips which may be cut from the thin paper edition of Psycue are, in form and type, the same as those of The Title-Slip Registry. Slight changes in the record were necessary because PSYCHE re- cords not only books but also the literature found in periodicals. A few statements in regard to the most convenient form of using these title slips may not be inappropriate for such of our readers as are not librarians or bibliogra- phers. The size of card recommended by the American Library Association — and kept on sale by their supply department — is 5 by 124cm. The title slip is pasted in the middle of the upper portion of this card, leaving a margin of about 3 cm. at each end. The slips are then arranged in alpha- betical order as an author-catalog ; or, by writing a suitable catch-word in the left hand margin, they may be arranged as a subject-catalog. The right hand margin remains for shelf designation or such indi- cation of possession as the owner may wish. These marginal notes may be writ- ten in pencil, thus allowing their possessor to arrange the slips, as best suits his pur- pose from time to time, by species, by gen- era, by families, or in the order of publi- cation. Care should be taken, if one prizes the appearance of his list, to secure a paste that does not turn yellow by age. A child can do the pasting of the slips. Their value will be appreciated as they Gi accumulate. PSYCHE. [1519-1535] 45 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets [], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. rectly from the work that is noticed. Unless otherwise stated each record is made di- Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. Abbe, E. P. Experiments with foul brood. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 450.) A method of cure is described. A.J: C. (1519) Bees do not eat grapes. 1879, v. 15, p. 26.) The testimony of several persons who have kept bees and raised grapes side by side for years. A.J: C. (1520) (Amer. bee journ., [Bees, management of.| Water, given to bees in confinement, makes them able to endure it much longer. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 340.) : The water is put in small bottles, or vials. A wick passes from within, through a small hole in the cork. The bees sip water from the wick. A.J: C. (1521) Benton, Frank. The next progressive step. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 507.) The history, characteristics, and superiority of the Cyp- rian bees are given. A.J: C. (1522) Benton, Frank. Races of bees. journ., v. 15, p. 73.) Ten different races or varieties and several species are described. A.J: C. (1523) (Lib. journ., Jul. (Amer. bee [Books injured by insects.] —Aug. 1879, v. 4, p. 292.) Discussion, by H. A. Hagen, W. Flint, I: P. Langworthy and S: H. Scudder, upon Hagen’s “Insect pests in libra- ries”? (J. c., p. 251-254) [Psycune, Rec., no. 1529]. B: P.M. (1524) Cat’s lively experience with bees (A). (“ Vir- ginia city [Nev.] enterprise,”...) (Spring- field [Mass.| d. republican, 14 Oct. 1879, p. 8, col. 4, 11 cm.) A cat disturbs a hive of apis. G: D. (1525) Fawcett, Edgar. Fireflies. (Atlantic monthly, July 1877, v. 40, p. 84-85.) In verse. G: D. (1526) Flint, Weston. The croton bug as a library pest. (Lib. journ., Sept—Oct. 1879, v. 4, p. 376-877, 25 cm.) Notice. (Academy, 6 Dec. 1879, p. 409, col. 1, 3 cm.) Blatta germanica and 6b. orientalis injure bindings of books. Pyrethrum asaremedy. Quotes a letter by C: V. Riley on the subject. G: D. (1527) Fry, E: Onthe utility to flowers of their beauty. (Contemporary rev., Dec. 1879, p. 574-587.) On fertilization of flowers and its dependence on their beauty as an attraction to insects. ‘‘I see in nature both utility and beauty; but I am not convinced that the one is solely dependent on the other.’’ G: D. (1528) Hagen, Hermann August. Insect pests in libraries. (Lib. journ., Jul-Aug. 1879, v. 4, p. 251-254.) (Bost. morn. journ., 3 July 1879, 49 cm. Extract. (Bost. d. advertiser, 3 July 1879, no. 22107, v. 133, no. 158, p. 4, col. 2, 18 cm.) Review, [by J: O. Westwood,] entitled “‘ In- sects in the library.” (Gardener’s chronicle, 13 Sept. 1879, v. 12, no. 298, p. 340, col. 1-2, 31 em.) Abstract, entitled “The insect enemies of books.” (Journ. applied sci., Oct. 1879, v. 10, p. 152, 20 cm.) Injuries to books by anobium, dermestes, termes, ptinus fur, and blatta. Means of preventing insect-injuries in libraries. G: D. History of observations on the subject. This paper is discussed, 7. ¢., p. 292. For the citation of works, see the author’s “Literature concerning injuries to books by in- sects,”’ (J. c., p. 373-374) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1530). B: P. M. (1529) Hagen, Hermann August. Literature con- cerning injuries to books by insects. (Lib. journ., Sept.-Oct. 1879, v. 4, p. 878-874.) Accompaniment to the author’s ‘Insect pests in libra- ries” (J. ¢., p. 251-254) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1529]. Gives the titles of 18 works (from 1724 to 1876) with analysis of their contents. B: P. M. (1530) Hasbrouck, J. Fertilization [of queen bees] in confinement. (Amer. kee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 518.) The writer says he accomplishes this in a barrel, in one end of which is an opening covered with glass. A.J: €. (1531) Hollis, W. Ainslie. Insect galls buds. (Na- ture, 29 May 1879, v. 20, p. 95, 7 cm.) Combats a statement, made in A. S. Wilson’s ‘‘ Insect galls buds’? (Nature, 15 May 1879, v. 20, p. 55) [Psycne, Ree. no. 1554], that ‘‘all insect-galls are in reality leaf-buds, or fruit-buds.”’ G: D. (1532) Insect enemies of books (The). (Journ. ap- plied sci., Oct. 1879, v. 10, p. 152, 20 cm.) Abstract of H. A. Hagen’s ‘Insect pests in libraries ”’ (Lib. journ., Jul.-Aug. 1879, v. 4, p. 251-254) [PsycHe, Rec., no. 1529]. G: D. (1533) Jeffrey, H. L. Experiments with eggs and larvae of bees. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 443.) It is shown that exposing the eggs to a low temperature retards development of the embryo and larva. A.J: C. (1534) Kedzie, Robert F. The composition of honey. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 409.) A.J: G. (1535) 46 [1536-1555] M., H. B. Curious facts concerning the cochi- neal insect in the Canary Islands. (Sci.amer., 22 Nov. 1879, v. 4, p. 325, col. 1, 29 cm.] Reprint, entitled “The cochineal insect.” (Journ. applied sci., Jan. 1880, y. 11, p. 11, 27 cm.) Mode of obtaining the eggs and rearing coccus as prac- tised in the Canary Islands. G: D. (1536) Michard, A. [Swarming of butterflies, prob- ably liparis salicis, at Montlucon, France. (Feuilles des jeunes naturalistes, Jan. 1880, p. 39.) a G: D. (1537) Mivart, St. G: The forms and colours of liv- ing creatures. (Contemporary rey., Oct. 1879, p. 313-333.) General; contains brief allusions to insect-coloration and luminosity. G: D. (1538) {Mosquito helps to herd cattle by causing them to congregate and be more docile.| (Springfield |Mass.] d. republican, 29 Aug. 1879, p. 8, col. 1, 3 cm.) G: D. (1539) New insect pest (A). (Springfield [Mass.] d. republican, 9 July 1878, p. 4, col. 3, 15 cm.) Brief account of anthrenus scrophulariae, its distribution in America, and the means used against it. G:D. (1540) Noel, Paul. Chasse aux lépidoptéres noctur- nes. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, 1 Dec. 1879, p. 26.) The author burns short pieces of magnesium tape, from time to time, near a lighted lantern, suspended about 1.5 metres from the ground. The insects are attracted from a distance by the bright light of the magnesium, and remain about the lantern. G: D. (1541) Piatt, J: James. The moth. (Atlantic monthly, Aug. 1874, v. 34, p. 167.) Four lines in verse. G: D. (1542) Riley, C: Valentine, see First, Weston, The croton bug as a library pest [Psycue, Rec., no. 1527]. Root, A. I. The A B C of bee culture: a cyclopedia of every thing pertaining to the honey bee: bees, honey, hives, implements, honey plants, &e., &c.: compiled from facts gleaned from the experience of thousands of bee-keepers all over our land, and afterward verified by practical work in our own apiary. Medina, Ohio, A. I. Root, 1879, 265 p. il., cl. $1.25. The author is editor of one of the leading U. S. apicul- tural journals, an extensive manufacturer and dealer in apiarian implements, a cultivator of bee-plants, and a prac- tical apiarist, of large experience. The book is in form of a dictionary. A.J: C. (1548) Sandal wood. (Sci. amer., 16 Aug. 1879, v. 41, p. 97, col. 1-2, 34 em.) (New remedies, | Oct. 1879, vy. 8, p. 300-301, 48 cm.) Notes that, in India, according to Dr. Berthold See- mans, “‘ After felling the trees [santalum] the bark is re- moved at once, the trunks are cut into billets two feet [60 cm.] in length, and these are buried in dry ground for about two months, during which time the white ants [termes] eat away all the outer wood without touching the heart.” G: D. (1544) PSYCHE. Saunders, W: [Portrait, full page.] remedies, Oct. 1877, v. 6, no. 10.) (New G: D. (1545) Siewers, C: Godfrey. White satin and black lined leaf-roller. (Valley naturalist, 1878, v. 1, p. 6.) Conchilodes platinalis, and perhaps all tortricidae, are jumpers. B: P.M. (1546) Thiriat, Xavier. Phosphorescence des scolo- pendres [scolopendra electrica|. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Dec. 1879, p. 26.) G: D. (1547) Treat, Mary. Notes on the slave-making ant. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1879, v. 15, p. 707-708.) Battles between formica sanguinea and f. fusca. F. sanguinea also attacks f. schaufussii and two species of aphaenogaster, but never attacks camponotus meleus and polyergus lucidus. G: D. (1548) Trelease, W: The fertilization of our native species of clitoria and centrosema. (Amer. nat., Nov, 1879, v. 13, p. 688-692, 8 fig.) Mentions a few insects. G: D. (1549) [Wasps’ nests ignited by spontaneous combus- tion.| (Lebanon [IIL] journal, 1 Noy. 1878, 7 em.) (Psyche advertiser, Sept.Dec. 1878, p. 8.) G: D. (1550) [ Westwood, J: Obadiah.| Insects in the li- brary. (Gardener’s chronicle, 13 Sept. 1879, v. 12, no. 298, p. 340, col. 1-2, 31 cm.) Rey. of H. A. Hagen’s ‘‘ Insect pests in libraries ”’ (T.ib. journ., 1879, v. 4, p. 251-254) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1529], made before the receipt of Hagen’s supplementary paper entitled, ‘‘ Literature concerning injuries to books by in- sects ’’ (l. ¢., p. 373-374) PsycueE, Rec., no. 1530], and no- ticing several insects, publications, and remedies not men- tioned by Hagen. : (1551) Whistling tree (The). 7 Feb. 1880, p. 11, 9 cm.) Cup-shaped galls or secretions of some insect upon a spe- cies of acacia tree, in Nubia and Soudan, cause, according to Dr. Schweinfurth, a whistling as the wind passes through the tree. (1552) Willard, W.J. Bees eaten by shrew, sorez. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 161.) Does serious damage to bees if they are left on their summer stands in winter. A.J: C. (1553) (Colonies and India, Wilson, A. Stephen. Insect galls buds. (Na- ture, 15 May 1879, v. 20, p. 55, 16 cm.) Crit. rev.,by W. A. Hollis. (Nature, 29 May 1879, v. 20, p. 95, 7 em.) ‘* All insect-galls are in reality leaf-buds, or fruit-buds They are not mere amorphous excrescences.”’ G: D. (1554) NECROLOGY FOR 1879. Haag, Georg. [Biog. note.] 9 Feb. 1880, jahrg. 3, p. 72.) Dr. Haag was b. 10 Oct. 1830 at Frankfort-on-the-Main, where he died 20 Noy. 1879. Better known to entomolo- gists as Dr. Haag-Ruthenberg, Ruthenberg being the maid- en name of his wife. G: D. (1555) (Zool. Anzeiger, PSYCHE. 47 ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. M. Datmas — so Les Mondes informs us —has succeeded in destroying the phylloxera by wrap- ping thin copper wire round the stems of the vine, and passing the current from a powerful voltaic battery through it. Both the mature insects and their eggs are said to be completely disorganized by the electricity.—-Athenaeum, 27 Dec. 1879, p. 853. THE INFLUENCE of quinine upon silkworms has been satisfactorily proved by C. LeDoux. Broods of caterpillars suffering from flacquerie were speedily restored by sprinkling their food with quinine sulphate. The same treatment proved successful in cases of “pebrine” with open wounds.—Mo. journ. sci., Noy. 1879, s. 3, v. 1, p. 765° A REVISION of the Lampyridae will shortly be published by Mr. Henry S. Gorham of Ship- ley, Horsham, England. Mr. Gorham would be glad to see specimens of this group from Amer- ica, and especially from Central America below the United States to the Isthmus of Darien. He also desires to obtain specimens of the genera Pleotomus LeC., Phausis LeC., Microphotus LeC., Phengodes Hof., and Pierotus LeC. ABRASION OIL is, according to the “ Gist. Land wirth. Wochenblatt,” obtained in China from the seeds of Elaeococca cordata, and is said to be an excellent protective against noxious insects. The tree, which belongs to the family of the Luphor- biaceae, prospers in the south of France, where its culture is recommended, in the hope of the oil proving a specific for the Phylloxera and the Oid- tum. — Mo. journ. sci., Noy. 1879, s. 3, v. 1, p. 756. Cases OF poisoning by caterpillars have been observed both in cows and ducks. The former experienced gastric symptoms, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, &c., but were all restored by means of mucilaginous drinks and a diet of boiled potatoes and bran. Ninety ducks were turned into a cab- bage-field infested with the caterpillars of the common white (Pieris brassicae). In one after- noon the field was almost clear, but two ducks died after an hour. The next morning twenty were found dead, and altogether fifty-three per- ished. The flesh of the dead, on examination, was found to resemble that of cattle which die of gangrene, indicating true poisoning. — Mo. journ. sci., Novy. 1879, s. 3, v. 1, p. 765. SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 Follen St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 April 1880. 15 Feb. ,, 14 May 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. ” THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 28 Jan. 1880. 26 Apr. 1880. 25 Feb. ,, 26 May ,, 24 Mar. ,, B: Prickman Mann, Secretary. THE ANNUAL meetings of the Entomological Section of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science will begin at 2 p. m., on Tuesday, 24 Aug. 1880, at a place yet to be de- termined, in Boston, Mass. Members who intend to present communications that may provoke discussion are requested to allow the Secretary to announce their subjects, in order that other members may come ready to enter into a thor- ough discussion. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary, Cambridge, Mass. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 Apr. 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14 May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, James H. Ripine6s, Recorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at 8. W. cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following : — 8 Dec. 1879. 14 June 1880. James H. Ripines, Recording Secretary. ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. BLANK INSECT LABELS. = No. 2. —50 on a sheet. No, 1.—40 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to PROF. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (Postpain), M 6.50 = $1.62. Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron v. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine : — “It is a complete repository of interesting and instruc- tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, obsery- ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects ; of literary information and notices of books; and correspondence. In short, it has proved itself the special organ for the encouragement and progress of the Science of Entomology.” May be obtained of all booksellers; and from the publisher, A. DOSE, Pursus a. Riicen, GERMANY. Back volumes may be had from the same, 1875 4 2.50 M; 1877 43 M; 187845 M; 1879 46.50 M. PSYCHE. {@- European exchanges and communica- tions will receive more immediate attention by being addressed to Georce Dimmock, Leipzig, Germany.‘ LEPIDOPTERA. Living cocoons, pupae and ova of American lep- idoptera bought or exchanged for other species, by Monsieur ALFRED WAILLY, (Membre-Lauréat de la Société @’Acclimatation de France ), 110 Clapham Road, London, S. W., England. DIMMOCK’S SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES. No.1. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF JOHN L. LECONTE. Compiled by Samuel Henshaw. Edi- ted by George Dimmock. Nov. 1878. 11 p.t 19X 12.5, Price, 30 cents; on5 X 12.5 title-slips, $1.25. No, 2. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF GEORGE H. Horn. Compiled by Samuel Hen- shaw. Edited by George Dimmock. Jan. 1879. 6 p.t19X 12.5. Price, 20 cents; on 5X 12.5 title- slips, 50 cents. No. 3. THE WRITINGS OF SAMUEL HUBBARD SCupD- DER. Compiled and edited by George Dimmock. Aug. 1879. 28 p.t 1912.5. Price 50 cents. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. FOR SALE. Zuphium americanum, Thalpius dorsalis and pyg- maeus, Dynastes tityus, Megalosoma elephas male, (body 12.7 em. long by 5.2 em. wide), Sandalus ni- ger, Goes tigrina, Goes tessellata, Ptychodes vittata, Phyton pallidum, Pteroplatus variabilis (sallei), Cal- lichroma splendidum, Leptura erythroptera, Plectro- dera scalator, Acanthocinus nodosus, Cylas formica- rius, Ischnocerus infuscatus, and all other Louisiana coleoptera, at reasonable rates. Apply to WILLIAM MISCHE, 350 St. Peter St., New Orleans, La. GALLS AND GALL INSECTS. The undersigned desires, either by exchange or otherwise, Galls from all parts of the United States. He is especially interested in those made by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Diptera. Correspondence in reference to Gall growths, or other vegetable abnormities, is invited. CHARLES V. RILEY, Washington, D, C. Nos. 65-68 were issued 9 Apr. 1880. No. 70 was issued 6 Mar. 1880. es ES) gl Be ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [Established in 1874. ] EDITED BY Gerorce Dimmock, Cambridge, Mass.; B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. ; Apert J: Coox, Lansing, Mich.; Cuiirrorp Cuase Eaton, Cambridge, Mass. Vol. 3. No. 72. Aprit 1880. CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS ‘ a . : 4 : 50 Lire History oF eoven a PALLENS mea Hes Beli oe =< aaa ‘61-53 Nore on NortH AMERICAN TRYPETIDAE — Charles Robert Osten Sacken 3 ‘ 3 Sas: Procrrepines oF SocieTies—Entom. Sect. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, — Reviews - ; Adie! BrIsLi0GRAPHICAL RECORD ‘ ‘ 3 : , - 3 r : ; : 55-58 Enromooeicat Items — Society tas - ‘ : ° : 2 = F « 69 ADVERTISEMENTS s - : : i : : : 4 > : Shah kite : s.. 60 CamBripGe, Mass,, U. S. A.: PusiisHep By Grorce Dimmock, YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 15 c. [Entered as second class mail matter.| 50 PSYCHE. PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club, RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, i Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, . 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, . : “ $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . - $3. Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips,) postpaid, . B “ $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, . 5 - ° : c $3. One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper, postpaid, . . oe Oe Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, if ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions,each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. 4a Scientific publications desired in exchange. _—_——— ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH— STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. &a> Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates ;— Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, 5 - $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . . .75 -60 Quarter “ ‘“ & 125 1.00 Half ee as Se ere ie te oD 1.75 One “ ce “ A ° 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epirors or Psycue, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDEEB & Soun, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE. Klaegevr’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no, 60-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-6, $1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in packages of 500; smaller lots, 20 cts. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 & 25 & 35 em., 45 ets. Light mailing boxes, 17 & 22 cm., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 30 & 8.5 & 0.5 cm., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8 & 50 mm., 10> 60 mm., 12 70 mm., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100 ; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 cts. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 2214 mm., 35 ets. per 1000; 27 12 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of the under side of Lucanus cervus: each 50 cts. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUTTERFLIES WANTED. The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stages of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Entomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10 cents. E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. i iu 2 ie CE Eb. LIFE HISTORY OF PLEOTOMUS PALLENS LEC. BY HELEN SELINA KING, AUSTIN, TEXAS. The habitat of this species of the sub- tribe Lampyrini is western Texas, where the mature form appears in May, a month later than several species of Photinus. Both sexes are phosphorescent, the % feebly so, emitting a greenish light, without rays, but sufficiently bright to betray his pres- ence; the ? is much more brilliant, her light being sufficient to show not only her body, but also surrounding objects for a distance of several centimetres. After ovi- position this light declines, and the female, who seems to have assumed the perfect form for the purpose alone of laying eggs, soon dies. She does not feed, and is too helpless to move far from the place of her final metamorphosis, owing to the feeble support which her disproportioned body receives from her feet. When creeping, as she does by spasmodic efforts, she touches objects with her palpi, and moves her head from side to side. The eggs are deposited in one or more pits, which the female makes in the soft moist earth with her abdomen. The eggs are smooth, round, pale yel- lowish, about the size of black mustard seed, and, as far as I am aware, not phos- phorescent. In six weeks they produce young larvae 4 mm. long, cinereous on dorsum, dull white on venter, and emitting light from the ventral surface of the poste- rior segment. When fully grown, the larva, except that the color is different, and the body is less depressed, is precisely similar to that of the commonest species of Pho- tinus larva found here, which is perfectly represented in figure 431 of Packard’s ‘* Guide to the Study of Insects.” It has twelve segments exclusive of the head, which latter is composed of two flattened narrower segments, the inner one forming the neck, and both retractile within the thorax. It feeds on snails; and sheds its larval skin at least twice, possibly oftener, before reaching maturity. Under confine- ment in a pot of earth, with snails for food, « it assumes the pupa state in about seven weeks, but it may attain its growth sooner when at large. Both the larval moults and the transformation to pupa are performed by the splitting of the membrane on the pleura through the first three segments, and its removal over the posterior end of the abdomen. The shield of the $ pupa immediately after its liberation from the larval skin, seems to consist of two fused segments ; the three following segments are narrow, and the middle one of these has a transverse depression suggesting the fusion of two 52 PSYCHE. segments at that point. Following these are seven abdominal segments. The pec- tinate antennae and the wing cases are seen, and on the propygidium the phospho- rescent vesicles are visible as clear greenish yellow spots. From the terminal segment are two straight processes. The pleural region, antennae, and feet distinguish this pupa from those of Photinus. The final metamorphosis takes place in six days. The ¢ form assumed the pupa condition one week later than the %. It has two white tubercles or small processes on the sides of the wing-bearing segments, indi- cating the position of the future rudiment- ary elytra. The pleural region is different from that of the $, and the parts of the mouth are not sheathed separately as in the %, but are as it were muzzled. An- tennae and eyes are not visible; the shield seems to consist of two fused segments, as seen through the thin membrane. There are seven abdominal segments. The whole body is of a salmon color. This pupa ma- tures in six days and perfects as an apter- ous imago with rudimentary elytra. Thus we find that under artificial man- agement the eggs will mature sufficiently to hatch in five weeks, the larva requires about seven weeks to reach the pupa stage, and the latter lasts only six days, the $ in one instance accomplishing its cycle one week sooner than the 2. In a few days after becoming perfect, the % dies, and the ?, after wandering a little, lays her eggs and dies also. Pleotomus pallens % is rare. covered by the prothorax. dark-purplish, contiguous. Labial palpi visible at tip. Maxillary palpi small. Mandibles not prominent, very small. An- Head Eyes large, tennae short, approximate, 14-jointed, bi- pectinate, usually folded so as to seem uni- pectinate, situated in front of the eyes and parallel with anterior edge of the prothorax, their tips recurved, color fuscotestaceous. Prothorax finely punctulate, subhyaline, el- evated at its base; its sides beneath em- bracing the neck and forming a collar for the head when the latter is protruded: it is broader than in the ordinary species of firefly, fuscotestaceous, with rosy centre in some, in others with transverse, irregu- lar confluent pink spots on the posterior part; the flanks beneath this part are also pink. Elytra striate, elevated at their base, the concave humeral region em- bracing the sides of the abdomen, whence the elytra slope backward to a narrow de- hiscent point, leaving nearly three segments visible. Wings same length as elytra, and smoke color. Feet feeble and compressed, same color as the body. Seven ventral segments short, the last one pointed and partly retracted within the penultimate, which is emarginate. On the last abdominal ring there is a spot on the anterior, outer margin of dor- sum and venter, seen in the day as of a deeper yellow than the surrounding parts. Through this at night comes the phosphor- escence, not in flashes, but as two oval spots, equally evident above and below, but more feeble than in any other firefly known tome. The % has the same quick spasmodic motion noticed in the 2. He feeds sparingly on the common garden snail, probably on its slime, being, I should think, too feeble to be actively aggressive, though I have seen him cling to a snail shell with much persistency. Pleotomus pallens ¢ , though apparently v PSYCHE. more abundant than the %, is yet compar- atively rare. It is of a buff or salmon color, with eleven segments, pink on their posterior margins, and overlapping. Head narrow, with projecting muzzle, but im- perfect organs of manducation. Eyes small, round, black, on sides of the head. Anten- nae shorter than thorax, approximate, sit- uated in front of the eye, pale yellow, fee- bly pectinate. Thorax with margin re- flexed, subrugose. Adjoining the shield are the rudimentary elytra, semicircular and very small. Feet feeble, compressed ; the body is disproportionately large, and ) as) the insect consequently moves with sudden nervous action, and pauses every few steps. Though there are no special phosphores- cent vesicles visible through the membrane, yet it emits light from the entire ventral surface of the three posterior segments. This is very brilliant, and when less intense posteriorly, appears diffused over the body. This brilliancy continues until oviposition. This @ insect is similar to Packard’s illus- tration 428, of an apterous ¢ from Mada- gascar, plus the aborted elytra and pectin- ate antennae. NOTE ON NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETIDAE. BY CHARLES ROBERT OSTEN SACKEN, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. - Among a number of diptera, collected by Mr. J. Boll in Dallas, Texas, and purchased by me in Geneva a short time ago, there were 25 % and 2 specimens of a Trypeta, bearing on a label ‘‘ bred from galls on Ambrosia.” The insect could be easily identified with 7’. gibba Loew, and as the habits of this species were hitherto un- known, I deem it worth the while to put Mr. Boll’s observation on record. The gall, which is likewise in the collec- tion, is an oblong swelling of the stem, probably terminal. The habits of the following North Amer- ican Trypeta have been hitherto investi- gated and published (the name of the dis- coverer is in parentheses) : — Rhagoletis pomonella.— Fruit of the apple-tree (Walsh). Oedaspis polita. —Gall on Solidago (O. S.). « gibba. — Gall on Ambrosia (Boll). Eurosta solidaginis. — Gall on Solidago (Harris). ELutreta diana.—Gall on Artemisia tridentata (Riley). Aspilota alba. — Seeds of Vernonia (Riley). This is a very small number, in compari- son to that of the described N. A. Trypeta ; but the most striking circumstance in con- nection with it is that among six Trypeta, whose habits are known, not less than four should occur in galls, and only one in the heads of a composite flower. In Europe the Trypeta bred from galls form an imper- ceptible minority, and most of the species are obtained from the heads of composites. Compare, for instance, the list of 60 species bred by Frauenfeld (Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, 1863, p. 221-224), among which only three formed galls on the stem of the plant. It would be worth while for American entomologists to collect dry heads of com- posite plants in autumn, for the purpose of breeding Trypeta ; a large number of new species of these pretty flies would probably be obtained. September, 1879. o4 PSY CEE. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., APRIL 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad- vertising columns. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE BOSTON SO CIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 28 Jan. 1880.— Mr. S: H. Seudder showed some excellent drawings of fossil hemiptera, made by J. H. Blake.— Dr. H. A. Hagen read an additional note upon the larva and fly sup- posed to have been taken from a girl’s neck, in Toronto, and gave a list of the instances in which Sarcophaga had been found in the human body. He also read a paper on the literature relating to galls. — Mr. E: Burgess described the struc- ture and physiology of a butterfly’s proboscis. 25 Fes. 1880.— Mr. S: H. Seudder showed some plates on which were figured all the fossil insects known from British Columbia. — Dr. H A. Hagen read a paper on the mouth of Nemo- gnatha, criticising Hermann Miiller’s speculations on the development of the insect proboscis. Dr. Hagen discussed the results of Dr. Palmen’s studies on the tracheal system of insects, de scribing his own views of the condition of the stigmata during pupation, &c., and showed speci- mens and drawings to illustrate the respiratory apparatus of many water insects. — Mr. E: Bur- gess made further remarks on the structure of the butterfly proboscis. 24 Mar. 1880. — Mr. E: Burgess showed under the microscope the structure and explained the PSYCHE. workings of the pharyngeal bulb in the head of lepidoptera ; he showed also the structure and arrangement of the muscles in the proboscis. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. REVIEWS. Katter’s Inpex Enromoxocicus Pars 1 [see Rec., no. 1610] is a list of the entomologists of Europe as far as its author has been able to learn their names, together with their addresses, the departments of entomology to which they give theiz especial attention, and an indication of those desiring to exchange specimens. To the above is added a list, extracted from the Natural- ists’ Directory (Salem, 1878), of 73 American col- lectors desiring to exchange, and a list of the entomological societies and publications of the world. Although the list is defective for coun- tries outside of Germany, yet the following com- parison, based on a hasty count, not including the five pages of additions and errata, may ke of interest. The entomologists and collectors enu- merated are distributed as follows: Germany, 740; Austria, 213; Switzerland, 97; Holland, 84; Belgium, 95; Italy, 128; Spain, 19; Portu- gal,2; Greece, 3; Roumania,1; Russia, 58 ; Fin- land, 8; Sweden, 26; Norway, 2; Denmark, 4; England, 435; Scotland, 15; Ireland, 3; France (whose coleopterists are not included), 197; total, 2126. Of entomological societies, Europe is cred- ited with 17; America, 4, and Australia, 1. GaD: BERNHARD GERHARD’s catalog of the macro- lepidoptera of North America [see Rec., no. 1594] seems to have received but little notice at the hands of entomologists. Like most publications of its kind which have been compiled in localities distant from the land the fauna of which they enumerate, Gerhard’s catalog is imperfect and incomplete in many particulars. This catalog assumes to give the synonymy of our species, but contains the names of only 103 genera of rhopalocera out of over 150 names which may fairly be termed in modern use. It is useless to call attention to special errors, as our species are so well cataloged by American writers. G: D. PSYCHE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets [ ], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. rectly from the work that is noticed. Unless otherwise stated each record is made di- Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. Abbott, C:C. Swarming of a brood of winged ants [formica]. (Amer. nat., June 1873, v. 7, p- 369-372.) G:D. (1556) Aldrich, C: Wrens and the bee-moth. (Amer. nat., April 1879, v. 13, p. 262.) Thinks wrens, which nested near hives of apis mellifica, lessened the number of galleria cereana. r: D. (1557) [American association for the advancement of science — Entomological club — Saratoga | N. Y.] meeting (1879).] Convention of scientists. (Springfield |Mass.] d. republican, 27 Aug. 1879, p. 4, col. 6, 10 em.) Notice of the meeting of the association, and of the doings of the club. G: D. (1558) Balfour, Francis Maitland. On certain points in the anatomy of peripatus capensis. (Zool. Anzeiger, 23 June 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 8332-335.) Affinities of peripatus based upon study of the segmental organs, the nervous system and the so-called fat bodies of Moseley. G: D. (1559) Baly, Joseph 8. Descriptions of a new genus and of new species of halticinae. (Ann. and mag. nat. hist., April 1878, s. 5, v. 1, p. 312.) Describes the genus oedionychis, and o. recticollis and o. chevrolatii, from Mexico. R. H. (1560) Boisduval, Jean Alphonse. Species général des lépidopteres hétéroceres. Par MM. Bois- duval et Guenée. Tome ler. Sphingides, Sésii- des, Castnides. Paris, Roret, 1874. 4-+ 568 p., 23 X 16. General classification and description of species of the families mentioned. References to the discussion of North American material are contained in Psycur, 1879, v. 2, p. 265-270. B: P.M. (1561) Bowditch, F: C. Habits of monohammus den- tator. (Amer. nat., Aug. 1873, v. 7, p. 498- 500.) : Describes larva, pupa, and borings in pinus mitis. G: D. (1562) Breitenbach, Wilhelm. Ueber die Function der Saftbohrer der Schmetterlingsriissel. (En- tom. Nachrichten, 15 Feb. 1880, jahrg. 6, p. 29- 34.) Discusses the function of Fritz Miiller’s *‘ Schmeckstifte ”” on the end of the proboscis of lepidoptera. G: D. (1563) Breitenbach, Wilhelm. Zur Systematik der Lepidopteren. (Zool. Anzeiger, 11 Aug. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 427-428.) . Consideration of the appendages of the proboscis as a basis for grouping lepidoptera. G: D, (1564) Brendel, F: Intelligence in canthon. (Amer. nat., Oct. 1879, v. 18, p. 654-655.) G: D. (1565) Cochineal insect (The). (Journ. applied sci., Jan. 1880, v. 11, p. 11, 27 cm.) Reprint of H. B. M.’s ‘‘Curious facts concerning the cochineal insect...’ (Sci. amer., 22 Nov. 1879, v. 4, p. 325, col. 1,) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1536]. G: D. (1566) Colman, A. R. Premium essay on the dis- eases of swine. (Trans. dept. agric. state of Ill. for 1877, 1878, v. 15, [n. s., v. 7,] p. 823-850, 6 fig.) Treats (p. 328-331, fig. 3) of mange or itch — scabies — caused by sarcoptes suis, and gives a highly magnified figure of the insect. B: P. M. (1567) Cook, Albert J: A formidable bee-enemy, mu- tilla coccinia. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, y. 15, p- 464.) Enters hives and kills and eats bees. the attacks of the bees. Seems not to mind Found from Mo. to Texas. A.J: C. (1568) Cook, Albert J: Another bee enemy, erax? (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 399.) A species of erax from Louisiana kills bees ; described and figured. A.J: C. (1569) Cook, Albert J: Bee enemy, séivetrus diana. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 370.) This bug sucks the blood from the bees in North Caro- lina. A.J: C. (1570) Cook, Albert J: Honey dew on the tamarack. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 553.) This nectar appears in great quantity, and is very attrac- tive to the bees. It is shown to come from the lachnus ca- ricifex. The character and habits of the louse are de- scribed. A.J: C. (1571) Cook, Albert J: Thelecanium of the tulip tree. (Amer. nat., May 1879, v. 13, p. 824-826, il.) Describes and figures females of lecanium tulipiferae, a new species found on Jiliodendron tulipifera, at Lansing, Michigan. Apis mellifica collects the exudation from this lecanium. How to destroy lecanium tulipiferae. G: D. (1572) Cook, Albert J: Parthenogenesis in the honey- bee. (Amer. nat., June 1879, v.15, p. 395-394.) Defense of Dzierzon’s theory of parthenogenesis of apis mellifica against the statements quoted in ‘‘ The oviposition of the queen bee and Dzierzon’s theory’? (Amer. nat., April 1879, v. 13, p. 260-261) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1621]. A note by Editors Naturalist is added. G: D. (1573) 56 [1574-1593] Cook, Albert J: Pollen masses of species of asclepias not destructive to bees. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 426.) A.J: C. (1574) Cook, Albert J: The sting of the worker bee. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 542, il.) The sting and method of using it are described. A. J: C. (1575) Cook, Albert J: The tongue of the honey bee. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, vy. 15, p. 490, il.) The tongue and the method of sipping honey are de- scribed. A.J: C. (1576) Corey, J:G. Remedy for foul brood. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 324.) This is a fungoid disease, fatal to larval bees. ‘‘ A sure cure ’’ is described. AN JeIC IST) Croneberg, A. Ueber die Giftdriisen von solpuga. (Zool. Anzeiger, 25 Aug. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 450-451.) G: D. (1578) Dadant, C: Granulation of honcy a test of purity. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 1.) It is asserted that only pure honey granulates, though some kinds of honey will not crystalize. A.J: C. (1579) Decoction of the tomato-plant [/ycopersicum esculentum] as an insecticide. (New remedies, Oct. 1879, v. 8, p. 294, 4 cm.) From Pharm. journ. and trans.; originally from the Deutsche Gdriner-Zeitung. G: D. (1580) Dewitz, H. Insectenmisbildung. (Zool. An- zeiger, 10 March 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 154-136, 1 fig. mee on the left side of the breast of the larva of atia insularis from Cuba. G: D. (1581) Dezso, Béla. Uber den Zusammenhang der Kreislaufs- und respiratorischen Organe bei den Arthropoden. (Zool. Anzeiger, 11 Nov. 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 274.) Brief summary of results of study at the zoological sta- tion at Triest. ‘*In the insecta, arachnida and myriapoda there are as many pairs of openings in the dorsal vessel as there are pairs of stigmata.” G: D. (1582) {[Doryphora decemlineata reduces the starch- production of Coos co., N. H. to one-tenth what it formerly was.] (Springfield [Mass.] d. republican, 28 Nov. 1879, p. 6, col. 6, 2 cm.) G: D. (1583) Edwards, W: H: Ueber das Erziehen der Tagfalter aus Eiern. (Entom. Zeitung... zu Stettin, Oct.—Dec. 1879, jahrg. 40, p. 455-456.) How to obtain eggs of butterflies for rearing. G: D. (1584) Eichhoff, W. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Borkenkifer [scolytidae]. (Entom. Zeit- ung...zu Stettin, Oct—Dec. 1879, jahrg. 40, p- 501-506.) On European species. G: D. (1585) PSYCHE. Engelmann, Th. W. Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Spinndriisen der Seidenraupe. (Zool. Anzeiger, 26 Aug. 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 100- 102.) According to researches made upon bombyxz mori by Th. W. van Lidth de Jeude. GED. (1586) Fabre, J. H. Souvenirs entomologiques : Etudes sur l’instinct et les mceurs des insectes. Paris, C. Delagrave, 1879. t,-p. cover, [4+ ] 824 p., 19 X 12,t14 85. 3 fr. 50c. Biological observations and experiments upon different insects. Contents: Le scarabée sacré, La volitre, Le cerceris bu- presticide, Le cerceris tuberculé, Un savant tueur, Le sphex a ailes jaunes, Les trois coups de poignard, La larve et la nymphe, Les hautes théories, Le sphex languedocien, Sci- ence de l’instinct, Ignorance de l’instinct, Une ascension au mont Ventoux, Les émigrants, Les ammophiles, Les bembex, La chasse aux diptéres, Un parasite —le cocon, Retour au nid, Les chalicodomes, Expériences, Echange des nids, Notes (in which 4 new species of French hymenoptera are described). : (1588) Faucon, L. Expérience relative au transport des phylloxeras par le vent. Lettre a M/. Du-— mas. (Comptes rendus, 8 Dec. 1879, v. 89, p. 983.) G: D. (1589) Fertilization of flowers by humming-birds. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1880, v. 14, p. 126-127.) Observations in which bees do not appear to fertilize im- patiens fulva. G: D. (1590) Focke, W.0O. Tabak und Hummeln. (Kos- mos |Leipzig], March 1880, Bd. 6, p. 473-474, 46 cm.) Bombus lapidarius learned to pierce the flowers of a hybrid between nicotia rustica,and n. paniculata, in order to obtain the honey. G: D. (1587) Fremy, Edmond. Questions relatives au phyl- loxera, addressées a M. P. Thenard. (Comptes rendus, 1 Dec. 1879, v. 89, p. 924-926.) Upon the use of carbon disulphide [CS2]. See A. P. E. Thenard’s ‘“‘ Réponse aux questions de M. Fremy... .” [Psycue, Rec., no. 1623]. G: D. (1591) French, G: Hazen. Economic entomology of Illinois. Part 2. Lepidoptera, or butterflies and moths, and their larva, or caterpillars. (7th rept. state entomologist Ill., for 1877, 1878, p. 153-273, fig. 32-48.) Describes about 115 species in most of their principal stages of development, treating of the habits of the more prominent species, and of remedies for their ravages. Gives (p. 269-273) analytical tables of the families and genera represented in this paper. B: P.M. (1592) French, G: Hazen. Report of the curator of the museum. (5th annual rept. of principal to board of trustees of Southern Ill. normal university, 1879, p. 25-42.) Separate, with t.-p. cover, entitled, “ Report of the curator.” Carbondale, Ill., 1879, p. 25- 42,21 x 18. Report upon work done in and of additions to the museum during the past year; analytical tables of the butterflies of Illinois, distinguishing 4 families, 36 genera and 113 species. B: P. M. (1593) PSYCHE. French, G: Hazen, see Tuomas, Cyrus, and G: Hazen Frencu, Notes on corn insects,... [Psycoux, Rec., no. 1624]. Gerhard, Bernhard. Systematisches Ver- zeichniss der Macro-lepidopteren von Nord- Amerika. Leipzig, 1878. 16-196 p., 20 x 18, t 15.5 X 9. Pap., M. 4.50. Crit. rev., by H. A. Hagen, entitled “ Ger- hard’s... Amerika.” (Entom. Zeitung... zu Stettin, Oct—Dec. 1879, Jahrg. 40, p. 475-476.) List with authorities, synonyms, and, in part, habitats of the species. Index of species and of genera. Reviewed in Psycue, April 1880, vy. 3, p. 54. G: D. (1594) [Glossina morsitans, the tsetse fly, cannot kill elephants.| (Springfield [Mass.] d. republican, 16 Dec. 1879, p. 5, col. 5, 3 em.) G: D. (1595) Graber, Vitus. Die abdominalen Tympanal- organe der Cikaden und Grylloden. (Denk- schriften d. kais. Akad. d. Wissensch., math.- naturwissensch. Classe, 1876, bd. 36, p. 273- 296, 2 pl.) Separate, with t.-p. cover and t.-p., Wien, K. Gerold, 1876, 24 p., 2 pl., 30 x 25, t 28 x 17.2.) Chiefly anatomical. G: D. (1596) Greene, J. W. Bees eaten by shrew, sorex- (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 108.) The small shrews enter the hives and eat the bees. A.J: C. (1597) Hagen, Hermann August. Troublesome in- sects. The carpet beetle and other domestic pests. An interesting communication to the Boston society of natural history [18 Dec. 1878]. (Boston d. advertiser, 19 Dec. 1878, no. 21940, v. 132, no. 147, p. 1, col. 9-10, 103 cm. sole and migrations of Anthrenus scrophulariae ; means against it. Abundance of Pulex irritans. Migrations of insects and plants. B: P.M. (1598) Hagen, Hermann August. Hoehlen-Chelifer in Nord-America. (Zool. Anzeiger, 28 July 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 399-400.) Notes on chthonius without eyes, with one pair of eyes and with two pairs of eyes; chelifer parasitic under the elytra of alaus, acanthocinus, passalus, and on the legs of flies ; the groups of the chernetidae. G: D. (1599) Hagen, Hermann August. Gerhard’s syst. Verzeichniss der Macrolepidopteren von Nord Amerika. (Entom. Zeitung... zu Stettin, Oct.—Dec. 1879, Jahrg. 40, p. 475-476.) A crit. rev. of the above named work [Psycux, Rec., no. 94]. : D. (1600) Hogarty, W. G. Do bees injure fruit? (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 314.) The answer is no. Many authors are quoted, and much experimental evidence given. A.J: C. (1601) Hopffer, Carl [Heinrich]. Exotische Schmet- terlinge. (Entom. Zeitung... zu Stettin, Oct.—Dec. 1879, jahrg. 40, p. ha a Mostly on South American species. Note (p. 435) on distribution of agraulis vanillae. G: 5. (1.02) [1594-1608] 57 Illinois — State entomologist [1877 (Cyrus Thomas)|. 7th report... on the noxious and beneficial insects of the state of Illinois. 2d annual report by Cyrus Thomas. Spring- field, Ill., 1878, 290 p., 25 & 14, t 18 x 10.5, 48 fig. Rey., entitled, ‘Thomas’ Noxious insects of Illinois.” (Amer. nat., Jan. 1879, v. 15, p. 34.) General annual account (p. 3-14) of the more important insects noticed ; statistics of the value of birds as destroy- ers of insects, and of the injury done to the corn crop by insects. Table of contents (p. 274). Errata and corrigenda (p. 275). List of illustrations (p. 276). Index to the plants and other substances injured by insects mentioned in this report (p. 277-283). General index (p. 284-290). Contains the following distinct essays, q. v. Tuomas, Cyrus and G: Hazen Frencu,. Notes on corn insects, or insects injurious to indian corn (p. 15-106, fig. 1 -23) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1624]. SmirH, Miss Emma A. Report (p. 107-131, fig. 24-31) [Psycug, Rec., no. 1622}. Frencu, G: Hazen. Economic entomology of Illinois. Part 2. Lepidoptera,... (p. 133-273, fig. 32-48) [Psycue, Rece., no. 1592]. B: P. M. (1603) Illinois, state of— Department of agriculture. Transactions ... with reports from county ag- ricultural boards, for...1877. Ed. by S$. D. Fisher, secretary. Vol. 15, old s.; vol. 7, n.s. Springfield, Ill., 1878. [4] +420 + 6 p., 23 x 14, t 18 x 10.5., il. Announces (p. 9) the proposed publication by Cyrus Thomas of a treatise upon insects injurious to agriculture ; contains (p. 16, 19) resolutions adopted by the state board of agriculture with reference to the collections and the reports of the state entomologist, and (p. 78, 131, 221) sta- tistics of the representation of entomology at the annual state and other fairs. For other contents, see ILLINOIS — State board of agriculture, ‘‘ Report of museum committee ”’ [Psycue, Rec., no. 1605], and Cotman, A. R., “‘ Premium essay on the diseases of swine’? [Psycue, Rec., no. 1567]. The 7th rept. of the state entomologist, by Cyrus Thomas, is bound with these transactions in one volume. B: P.M. (1604) Illinois — State board of agriculture. Report of museum committee tD. B. Gillham, H. D. Emery, S. D. Fisher]. (Trans. dept. agric. state of Ill. for 1877, 1878, v. 15, [n. s., v. 7,] p. 96-111.) List of 1782 insects of 368 species, sent by Cyrus Thomas, state entomologist, to state board of agriculture, and placed on exhibition in 60 cases in the museum of the board at Springfield, Il. B: P. M. (1605) Insect borer in powder barrels (An.) (Amer. nat., April 1879, v. 13, p. 262.) Larva of callidiwm variabile bores the hoops of powder barrels. G: D. (1606) Italian silk. (Journ. applied sci., Oct. 1879, v 10, p. 149, 14 cm.) Statistics of silkworm raising and silk manufacture in Milan. z (1607) Juice of the tomato-plant [/ycopersicum esculen- tum] as an insecticide (The). (‘‘ Gardener’s chronicle,” ...) (Springfield [Mass.] d. repub- lican, 30 Sept. 1879, p. 3, col. 2, 5 cm.) G: D. (1608) 58 [1609-1628] Kadyi, Heinrich. Beitrag zur Kenntnis [sic ] der Vorgiinge beim Hierlegen der blatta orien- talis. (Zool. Anzeiger, 15 Dec., jahrg. 2, p. 632-636.) G: D. (1609) Katter, F. Index entomologicus. Pars 1, qua continentur nomina entomologicorum Europae exceptis Galliae coleopterologis, societarum auctorumque Sapna eens Putbus a. Rii- gen, A: Dose, 1880. t.-p. cover, base 124 p., 16 X 115, t 13 X 7.7. Pam., M. 1.6 Contains the names of 73 American seid collec- tors desiring exchange, extracted from the Naturalists’ di- rectory (ed. 1878], and a list of entomological societies and publications from all parts of the world. Reviewed in Psy- CHE, April 1880, v. 3, p. 54 G: D. (1610) Kraatz, Gustav. Ein Wort gegen die Ver- mehrung des Ballastes der Synonymie. (En- tom. Zeitung... zu Stettin, Oct.—Dec. 1879, jahrg. 40, p. 506-508.) G: D. (4611) Kramer, P. Ueber die postembryonale Ent- wicklung bei der Milbengattung glyciphagus. (Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1880, jahrg. 46, bd. 1, p. 102-110, pl. 7.) G: D. (1612) Krauss, Hermann. Otocystenartiges Organ bei tabanus autumnalis Linné. (Zool. Anzeiger, 5 May 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 229-230.) G: D. (1613) Landerer, Xaver. Miscellaneous contribu- tions from the Orient. (New remedies, Oct. 1879, v. 8, p. 293-294, 30 cm.) Directs use of tobacco decoction with fresh leaves and flowers of nerium oleander as a bug poison. a em. ] G: D. (1614) Lichtenstein, Jules. Les pucerons des ors meaux, avec description de deux insectes nou- veaux. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Nov. 1879, p. 6-9; Dec. 1879, p. 22-24.) Synopses of the species of aphidae and coccidae found on ulmus campestris, with notes on their biology. Describes pemphigus ulmi and ritsemia pupifera. G: D. (1615) Lockwood, S: A viviparous fly. (Amer. nat., April 1873, v. 7, p. 193-197, fig. 34-35.) Larvae of sarcophaga carnaria, experiments upon their vitality in turpentine, in Fowler’s arsenical solution ou in essence of peppermint. Figures larva, pupa and ima; GD. 1616) Lombard, F. Destruction des acarus et des anthrenes. (Feuilles des jeunes naturalistes, Jan. 1880, ann. 10, p. 39.) Employment of carbon disulphide [C82] in collections, to destroy acarus and anthrenus. ered (1617) MacLeod, Jules. Phosphorescence des myr- iapodes. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Jan. 1880, p. 38.) Phosphorescence of geophilus electricus. G: D. (1618) MacLeod, Jules. La respiration chez les in- sectes. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Oct. 1879, ann. 9, p. 148-150.) A brief account of the respiratory system of insects; how to study it by dissection of dytiscus; mechanism of respiration. G: D. (1619) PSYCHE. Machenhauer, F. Priparation der Libellen fiir Sammlungen. (Entom. Zeitung ... zu Stettin, Oct.—Dec. 1879, jahrg. 40, B 539.) Mode of ‘preservation in alcohol. G: D. (1620) Oviposition of the queen bee [apis mellifica] and Dzierzon’s theory (The). (Amer. nat., April 1879, v. 13, p. 260-261.) Crit. rev., by A. J: Cook, entitled, “ Parthe- nogenesis in the honey bee.” (Amer. nat., June 1879, v. 18, p. 393-394.) Quotation from Comptes rendus, 9 Sept. 1878, Hat ie (i621) Smith, Miss Emma A. Report. (7th rept. state entomologist Ill., for 1877, 1878, p. 107- 181, fig. 24-81.) Observations made upon noxious insects of northern Illi- nois, during the summer of 1877. Treats especially of em- phytus maculatus, gortyna nitela, argyrolepia quercifoliana and lecanium acericola. é ® P.M. (1622) Thenard, Arnould Paul Edmond. Réponse aux questions de M. Fremy relatives a l’em- ploi du sulfure de carbone |CS,] appliqué a la © destruction du phylloxera. (Comptes rendus, 1 Dee. 1879, v. 89, p. 926-931.) Extract. (Rey. scientifique, 13 Dec. 1879, p. 573, 12 cm.) Reply to E. Fremy’s ‘‘ Questions relatives = ‘ys Si ae Rec., no. 1591]. (1623) Thomas, Cyrus and G: Hazen French. Notes on corn insects, or insects injurious to indian corn. (7th rept. state entomologist Ill, for 1877, 1878, p. 15-106, 23 fig.) P. 15-78, fig. 1-18, by Thomas, treats of the coleoptera, orthoptera and hemiptera, especially of blissus leucopterus ; p. 79-106, fig. 19-23, by French, treats of the lepidoptera. B: P.M. (1624) Thomas, Cyrus, state entomologist of Illinois, see IntrNots, — State entomologist [1877]. Trelease, W: On the fertilization of several species of lobelia. (Amer. nat., July 1879, v. 13, p. 427-482, il.) Mention of species of insects visiting species of lobelia. G: D. (1625) Voges, Ernst. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Juli- den. (Zeitsch. f. wissensch. Zool., 1878, v. 31, p. 127-194, pl. 11-13.) Structure of the hard parts, openings of the tracheal sys- tem and their muscles, comparison of these openings with those of other myriapods, glandular apparatus and its se- cretion in spirobolus cupulifer_ (new species), copulatory organs and their form as generic and specific characters. Describes 3 new species of julus, 19 of ef 13 of spirobolus ; none from N. A. G: D. (1626) Wackerzapp, Omar. Weiteres zur Begat- tung der Schmetterlinge. (Entom. Nachrich- ten, 15 Jan. 1880, jahrg. 6, p. 15-17.) Copulation of aglia tau and the attraction of the female for the male. G: D. (1627) Weismann, August. Ueber Duftschuppen. (Zool. Anzeiger, 26 Aug. 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 98- 99 Scent-cells and scales of wings of lepidoptera. G: D. (1628) PSYCHE. 59 ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. “Lonpon Purpte,” according to Prof. C: V. Riley, can be sold for ten cents per pound. Half a pound will kill the cotton worm on one acre of land. A. Dusrony, anthor of the “ Essai sur le genre Chelidura” and “Enumeration des orthopteres rapportés par MM. Doria, Beccai, et d’Albertis des régions Indienne et Austro-Malaise,” pub- lished in the Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, will hereafter publish (he writes me) under his own name, A. de Bormans. — S. H. S. in Lib. Journ., Dec. 1879, v. 4, p. 457. “Tn cLosine upon this subject, I desire to ac- knowledge the very generous offer of our State Entomologist, Hon. Cyrus Thomas, of Carbon- dale, of an entomological treatise upon the in- sects injurious to agriculture, stripped of all technical phrases, and, hence, adapted to the uses of the common people. In my judgment, a paper of the character proposed, has for many years been especially needed, as the reports hith- erto published on that subject have been couched in language beyond the comprehension of the average farmer or fruit grower. It would he well for the Board to take some action with re- gard to its publication in our next volume of reports.” — Pres. D. B. Gillham, in Trans. dept. agric. Iil., for 1877, 1878, v. 15, [n. s., v. 7,] p. 9. AN opportunity for scientists. — Lord Wal- singham and other gentlemen interested in the disease of game-birds has [have] authorized the Entomological Society of London to offer to public competition the following prizes: $250 for the best and most complete life-history of Sclerostoma syngamus, Dies., supposed to produce the so-called “ gapes” in poultry, game, and other birds ; and $250 for the best and most complete life-history of Strongilus pergracilis, Cob., sup- posed to produce disease in grouse. All the stages of development must be observed and recorded. The competition is open to scientists of all nations. One person can take both prizes. The essays must be sent in by October 15, 1882, addressed to the secretary of the Society, 11 Chandos street, Cavendish Square [London, Eng.].—J. M., in New England Journ. of Edue., 30 Oct. 1879, v. 10, p. 242.2 SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 Follen St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 April 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14 May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 28 Jan. 1880. 26 Apr. 1880. 25 Feb. ,, 26 May ,, 24 Mar. ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE ANNUAL meetings of the Entomological Section of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science will begin at 2 p. m., on Tuesday, 24 Aug. 1880, at a place yet to be de- termined, in Boston, Mass. Members who intend to present communications that may provoke discussion are requested to allow the Secretary to announce their subjects, in order that other members may come ready to enter into a thor- ough discussion. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary, Cambridge, Mass. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 9 Jan. 1880. 9 Apr. 1880. 13 Feb. ,, 14 May ,, 12 Mar. ,, 11 June ,, James H. Rripinegs, Recorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at S. W. cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following : — ‘ 8 Dec. 1879. 14 June 1880. James H. Ripines, Recording Secretary. 60 PSYCHE. ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. BLANK INSECT LABELS. No, 1.— 40 on a sheet. No. 2.—50 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to PROF. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (Postpaip), M 6.50 = $1.62. - Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron y. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine :— ‘Tt is a complete repository of interesting and instruc- tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, obsery- ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects ; of literary information and notices of books ; and correspondence. 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CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS : : : ; : : - 62 Nores uron soME TINEID eee Pasion Konedy Chass : : : : - 63-68 TRANSFORMATIONS OF NACERDES MELANURA— JZenry Loring Moody . 3 a GS Proceepines oF Socreties— Linnean Society of London — Entomological arity of Ontario, Montreal Branch . : : ‘ : : : ; : : 3 Ee) Bisii0oGRAPHIcAL RecorD : : . : : : A 2mui70 Enromo.ocicaL Irems — Society Msetiage rite Wanye - ‘ : : - : Binoy fl ADVERTISEMENTS . : : - : : F : 5 : . 5 : So wl Campripeg, Mass., U.S. A.: PusiisHep spy GeorGe Dimmock. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 15 c. [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 62 PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, . 2 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, . ° e $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . . $3. 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E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. NOTES UPON SOME TINEID LARVAE. BY VACTOR TOUSEY CHAMBERS, COVINGTON, KY. Antispila nyssaefoliella and A. cornifo- liella, I have had specimens of the imagos of both of these species in my collections, but not at the same time, and therefore have not been able to compare them. Dr. Clemens notices some minute differences between them, but seems to rely more upon supposed differences in the maculation of the larvae as indicating their specific dis- tinction. But these characters are not altogether reliable; for the number and distinctness of the maculae differ in the same individual at different ages, the num- ber increasing with the age of the larva until it reaches the last larval stage. At least, this is the case with nyssaefoliella, of which Dr. Clemens says, ‘‘ dark atoms along the dorsum; ventral surface with a line of two black spots,” though just what ‘a line of two black spots” may mean, I do not know. In a specimen now before me there are nine blackish spots behind the cervical shield on the dorsal surface, and twelve on the ventral surface. Dr. Clemens further says that ‘after the last moulting the first segment is black, and the dorsal spots become a black vascular line,” which is certainly incorrect ; for in its last larval stage, when taken from its cocoon, I have found the larva to be depressed, fat, snowy white with the mouth parts tinged with ferruginous, but the larva otherwise immaculate. It has a single black ocellus about the middle of each side of the head. The larvae of this genus are completely apodal, and in the youngest larvae that I have seen the larval trophi were fully de- veloped ; that is, they were equivalent to the second form of trophi of larvae of Litho- colletis, Phyllocnistis, &c.; and I think the larvae leave the egg in this stage of development, without passing through what I have elsewhere mentioned as the first form of trophi of the genera above named. I have never found more than two exu- viae in an Antispila mine, and am not certain as to the number of moults before passing into the pupa state; it is probably not more than two. The larva of A. viticordifoliella in its last stage is, like that of nyssaefoliella, immaculate ; but it is yellowish white, and not snowy white like the latter. These larvae crawl but little if at all, after cutting out their discs. Indeed, from their struc- ture, locomotion would seem to be impossi- ble, or nearly so. 64 Aspidisca lucifluella Clem. I have succeeded in raising this species from the larva, and find, as elsewhere sug- gested, that the captured specimens de- scribed by me as A. ella belong to this species. The larvae of Aspidisca, as stated by Dr. Clemens, are apodal, having the tho- racic feet represented by sucker-like discs. Ihave not been able as yet to determine whether these discs really operate as suck- ers, or whether there is a secretion exuded from them which enables the larvae to adhere to the surface. The anal prolegs are represented by small lobes, each of which has a recurved hook, by means of which the larva anchors itself inside of its case, which, notwithstanding the absence of legs, and depending only on the ‘* suck- ers,” it drags through grass, and over fences, sometimes for more than a hundred metres, before ‘‘ tying up” for pupation. These anal hooks are much more distinctly developed in A. splendoriferella and A. lucifluella, than in A. saliciella. I have never been able to detect any trace of the exuviae in the mines of any of the species, and am induced to believe that the larva moults only once — that is, when it passes into the pupa state. In the youngest larvae that I have seen, the trophi are of the character above referred to under Antispila as the second or perfect form. I have elsewhere followed a suggestion of Mr. Stainton in referring both Antispila and Aspidisca to the Glyphipterygides, but the larvae differ very decidedly from those of Glyphipteryx, and those of Aspidisca are very different in form and structure from those of Antispila. Dr. Clemens’ statement that the mature larvae of Aspi- PSYCHE. disca are flattened, is too strong; at most they can only be said to be a little de- pressed, and are much less so than are the larvae of Antispila. His statement, ‘*‘ these are not supplied with hooks,” is rather in- definite, but if intended to apply to the anal prolegs of mature larvae is certainly incorrect, though entirely correct when applied to the ventral prolegs, or rather to their sucker-like substitutes. Aecaea (Chrysopeleia) purpuriella. Among leaves of the black locust (2to- binia pseudacacia) , gathered because they contained mines of Lithocolletis robimella,; in July, several were observed in which there appeared to be either small white mines, or thin white silken webs at the junction of some of the veins with the midrib, each of which contained a small larva. But neither the mines nor larvae received anything more than a passing no- tice, as my attention was directed to watch- ing the development of the larva of L. ro- biniella. But from the collection I bred a specimen of A. purpuriella, the larva of which has been heretofore unknown. I can scarcely doubt that it came from one of the larvae in the small mines, as I got nothing else from those leaves but A. pur- puriella and L. robiniella; and the posi- tion of the mine (or web?) is exactly that of the mine of Aeaea ostryaeella in Ostrya leaves (see frontispiece to ‘‘Tineina of North America”), though it is much smaller than the latter. At the same time, it should be stated, the web of the very young larva of Gelechia pseudacaciella is only distinguishable, on a hasty glance, from the supposed mines of Aeaea purpu- riella, by the fact that a very slender branch extends from the main web for some dis- PSYCHE. tance along the midrib, in the case of G. pseudacaciella, which also feeds on locust leaves. purpuriella was certainly bred from locust leaves, whatever be its mode of feeding thereon. Coleophora. A species of this genus which I have not succeeded in rearing, mines the leaves of elm (Ulmus americana), sometimes in large numbers. All of the larval cases that I observed had been cut out from the edge of the leaf, showing the serrations along the dorsal surface of the case; yet it was frequently found in these cases feed- ing generally over the under surface of the leaves. It must therefore retire to the edge of the leaf to feed shortly before changing its case. Gelechia pseudacaciella. In the note on Aeaea purpuriella above, I have referred to the web of the very young larva of this species as being very similar to the web (or mine?) of A. pur- puriella ; being placed like it at the junc- tion of a vein with the midrib, but differing from it by having a narrow strip of web extending along the midrib. But G. pseud- acaciella does not continue long to feed in this way. It may afterwards be found — sometimes when nearly grown — feeding between two of the leaflets sewed together ; but much more frequently it may be found in the mines of Jvthocolletis robiniella, and more rarely in those of Lithocolletis orna- tella. I have sometimes seen it deliberate- ly cut its way into the mines of L. robiniel- la ; and when there it does not confine itself to a vegetable diet, for I have opened the mines and fownd the larva inthe act of eat- ing the pupa of its host. Ido not know At any rate, the specimen of A. 65 that it eats the larva of L. robiniella, though from the frequency of the occurrence of G. pseudacaciella in mines of L. robiniella from which the latter larva was absent, I suspect that it does. Possibly the struggles of the L. robiniella larva might drive that of G. pseudacaciella away ; but I know that the pupa is eaten, having seen it. I have never found the larva of G. pseud- acaciella except on locust trees ; but Prof. Riley once showed me two specimens of a Gelechia moth which I was unable to distinguish from G. pseudacaciella, and which Mr. Riley said he had bred from larvae found on wild cherry (Prunus sero- tina). It is not likely that the larva feeds on two plants so remote from each other as locust and wild cherry ; but a larva which varies its diet of locust leaves by an occa- sional repast on the living pupa of a Litho- colletis, need not be supposed to be exces- sively fastidious. The only difference that I have observed between the very young and the mature larvae of G. pseudacaciella is that the markings are more prominent in the latter. There is a larva of an unknown species and genus which burrows in June and July in the pith of the preceding year’s shoots of Robinia pseudacacia. The markings and form of the ventral segments are not very different from those of G. pseuda- caciella but the head and thoracic segments are enlarged and are of a black or piceous hue, and the mouth parts are large and It has sixteen well developed legs and prolegs. It probably will form the type of a new genus. It can hardly be the unknown larva of Xylesthia clemensella, for that larva feeds in the solid wood of locust strong, as becomes a burrowing larva. 66 PSY OHE. posts and trees, and therefore probably does not feed on the pith of living branches. Gracilaria negundella. This species has heretofore been recorded only from Denver, Colorado; but I have also found the leaves of the box alder its food plant, in Kentucky, rolled into cases precisely similar to those made by this spe- cies in Colorado, and containing a Gracila- ria larva, of which, however, I did not suc- ceed in rearing the imago. I have, how- ever, no doubt that it is the same species. Laverna gleditschiaeella. The egg of this species (which I have found only by dissection of the female) is a very pretty microscopic object. It is opaque ; the centre of the larger end pro- jects a short distance, and ridges extend on every side from the projection to the margin, with concave valleys between them, and these ridges and valleys are continued along. the surface towards the smaller end of the egg, but grow gradually more indistinct ; they are not straight, but have a wavy outline. The egg is depressed and narrows gradually towards the smaller end, which is somewhat sharply and sud- denly rounded: color, white. The eggs of Argyresthia undulatella Cham., which I have obtained in the same way, resemble microscopic hen’s-eggs, ex- cept that they are a little more globular. Nepticula nyssaefoliella n. sp. Only the larva is known, as I have not yet succeeded in getting the imago. The larva is greenish white with deep green contents ; head pale ferruginous with the mouth-parts of a deeper green ; the mine is linear, ending in a brownish yellow blotch, and the frass is attached to the loosened upper cuticle. No exuviae were found in the mine, and this larva, like most larvae of this genus, undergoes no moult until pupation. I believe, however, one or two instances have been recorded of moults of larvae of this genus in Europe. But usu- ally the entire larval life does not exceed thirty-six hours. There is a larva of this genus which is not uncommon in hickory leaves (Carya alba), in which it makes a large blotch mine. ‘The larva itself is rather large for the genus, but I have not succeeded in rearing the imago. Another hickory Nep- ticula which I have not succeeded in rear- ing, makes a linear mine about 2.5 cm. long, in the first and last fourths of which the frass is deposited in a central line, while in the middle portion it is deposited in transverse rows of small specks, some- what as in the mine of the European JN. viscerella. Nepticula quercicastanella Cham., here- tofore bred from leaves of the chestnut oak (Quercus castanea), I have also bred from leaves of the white oak (Q. alba). N. castaneaefoliella Cham., heretofore bred from chestnut leaves (Castanea), I have also bred from the leaves of white oak. Dr. Clemens (Tin. N. Amer., p. 172-), mentions several other Nepticula larvae which have not as yet been bred, and besides these there is a species which makes a long crooked linear mine in leaves of the sugar maple (Acer saccharinum) ; another in leaves of sumac (Rhus); another in elm leaves (U/mus), and many others ; in fact we know comparatively little yet of the Nepticula of this country. There is also a species mining leaves of hackberry (Cel- tis). PSYCHE. Ornix prunivorella Cham. This species, and probably most or all other species of the genus, like those of Gracilaria, to which it is so closely allied, assume what I have called the second form of larval trophi at the second moult. Phyllocnistis. In a paper in Psycue on Lnthocolletis, I incidentally mentioned the presence in Phyllocnistis of certain projections from the sides of certain segments of the larva, which, though not occupying the places usually occupied by legs, and perhaps not homologous therewith, yet served, to some extent at least, the same purpose, and so I questioned the propriety of describing Phyllocnistis larvae as apodal. I was therefore greatly surprised, on the next occasion when I observed larvae of this genus, that I could find no trace whatever of these pseudopodia ; then again in others I would find them —sometimes the full complement, at others only a part, and sometimes in the same specimen I would find them and then fail again. The fact is that they are retractile. I formerly thought (Psycne, loc. cit.), from analogy with Lithocolletis larvae that there were seven stages of larval life in Phyllocnistis, but I have not been able to verify this belief. On the contrary, I find only two stages. The mines are long wind- ing linear tracts, ending in a small blotch, which, however, remains a blotch only a very short time; only, indeed, while the larva is spinning its cocoon, which draws the blotch into a small knot, or pucker. The linear part of the mine is occupied by the larva in its first stage ; at least I have not been able to find any evidence of a moult while the mine remains linear. The 67 form of the trophi is then very similar to that of the earlier stages of Lithocolletis larvae (see Psycue, v. 2, p. 83, fig. 2). Having nearly finished feeding, the larva eats out the parenchyma next to the upper cuticle, making a small blotch. Although the rudimentary spinneret is visible, the silk is not yet secreted, and the larva cannot spin ; but resting quietly in the little blotch for a few hours, it then casts off the old skin and appears no longer a flattened larva with the first form of trophi, but is simply depressed, nearly cylindrical, and with the trophi as in the accompanying figure. These trophi are evidently not intended for use in eating, and in fact the larva does not eat any more ; it becomes rapidly cyl- indrical (or rather oblong conic, for it ta- pers rapidly posteriorly). The pseudo- podia are still visible, and the larva when removed from its cocoon ‘* bumps around ” on these stubs of legs, in a rather ridiculous manner. The spinneret and silk glands are now fully developed ; the larva quickly spins its cocoon, and in little more than a day after this moult it passes its second moult, and becomes a pupa. I find no material difference in the course of development in any of the species am- pelopsiella, vitigenella, vitifoliella and magnoliaeella. The latter species is known only in the larval and pupal states, 68 PSYCHE. and is probably identical with /zriodendron- ella. Tischeria. In all of the species of this genus of which I have traced the life history (7. malifoliella, T. quercivorella and T. quer- citella), there are the same number of moults as in the greater number of lepi- doptera, viz., four (or five, if we include the moult into the pupal state) ; and there are no marked differences, either in color or structure, between the same larvae at different stages of growth. The oak-feed- ing species are more readily distinguished from each other by the character of the mines, than by the appearance of either the larva or imago. Mr. Stainton’s figure of T. marginea (Nat. Hist. Tin., v. 3, TRANSFORMATIONS OF plate), is very much like the larva of our T. malifoliella, but the head of marginea, as figured, is darker than that of malifo- liella, and the last three segments, espe- cially the last one, in the figure, are too short and narrow. The wings of the im- ago of marginea, as figured, are paler than those of malifoliella. The larva of mali- foliella is also slenderer than that of mar- ginea, and more moniliform, while each segment has on each side three hairs, which are not represented in the figure of mar- ginea. Marginea is perhaps nearer — or as near —our 7. aenia F. & B., which, like marginea, mines bramble leaves. The mine of marginea is, however, wider and more irregular than that of aenia. NACERDES MELANURA. BY HENRY LORING MOODY, MALDEN, MASS. As far as I am aware, nothing is yet known of the transformations of this very common beetle. At various times I have hunted assiduously for the larva, but with- out success. Thinking better luck might follow from trying to obtain larvae in an- other way, I captured a lot of the beetles with the purpose of getting the eggs. From the fact that the beetles are abundant about buildings with open rafters, I con- cluded that dry pine wood was the food of the larva, and confined the females in a vessel with a quantity of dry ‘ punky” pine. They laid their eggs freely, and in eight days the young appeared; when first hatched they measured a fraction over one mm. long. At intervals of one or two weeks I measured specimens, and, singu- larly enough, though apparently in good health, their growth after the first few days was hardly perceptible. At the end of seven months the largest specimens meas- ured barely more than two mm. long; in eleven months four mm., and at the be- ginning of the fifteenth month all were dead. It would be somewhat remarkable for any larva to sustain life so long under conditions altogether unfavorable. I am confirmed therefore in thinking that pine, or some one of the coniferous woods, in a dry state, is the food of this larva, but think I made a mistake in keeping the ves- sel so tightly closed as to exclude the air. The eggs of Nacerdes are cylindrical, a fraction over 1 mm. long, a little more than three times as long as their greatest breadth, tapering somewhat toward each end, some- times slightly curved, rounded at the ends. Color white, somewhat translucent, with a portion at each end semi-transparent. PSYCHE. 69 ES ¥ © TH By CAMBRIDGE, MASS., MAY 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad vertising columns. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 5 Fes. 1880.—... Mr. A. Hammond exhibited a larva of Tanypus maculatus. He mentioned that the coronet and appendages of the thoracic and anal regions had been said to be homologous with the respiratory organs of the larva and pupa of gnats, &c. This he doubted, inasmuch as the former originated from the ventral and not dor- sal surface, as did the latter, and no tracheae of any size could be traced in them. The two oval bodies in the thorax, De Geer’s so-called “air reservoirs,” he (Mr. Hammond) considers to be salivary glands, similar to those of the larva of the Crane Fly previously described by him.... — The Athenaeum, 14 Feb. 1880, p. 220. 19 Fes. 1880.— Specimens of ants, allied to if not identical with Phetdole javana Mayr, were shown by Mr. Jas. Britten, as also a series of young and old plants sent by Mr. H. O. Forbes from Borneo, viz: Myrmecodia echinata and M. glabra. The underground stems of these latter all exhibited tunneled galleries not unlike the borings of the white ant Termites. These cham- bered stem enlargements illustrate a statement of Sig. Beccari that the plants’ existence is es- sentially bound up with the ants’, for unless the latter attack the young growing Myrmecodiae, the latter soon die.— Another piece of ants’ work was shown by Dr. M. Musters, viz: a pitcher plant, Nepenthes bicalcarata, also from Borneo. It seems these peculiar pitchers, from having incurved spinous ridges round their throats, are perfect traps to creeping insects. To take advantage of the contained food and water, a species of black ant, too wise to enter by the lid, ingeniously perforates the stalk, and making a passage upwards, provides a safe inroad and exit to the sumptuous fare of dead and de- caying insects within the pitcher. ...—J. Murie in Zool. Anzeiger, 22 March 1880, p. 143-144. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO — MON- TREAL BRANCH. 17 May 1880.— 7th annual meeting.— The fol- lowing persons were elected to office for the en- suing year: G: J: Bowles, President; G: B. Pearson, jr., Vice-president ; G: H. Bowles, Sec- retary; Frank Butler Caulfield, Curator; H: Herbert Lyman, W: Couper, and Robert Jack, Members of the Council. The annual report of the Council shows the society to be progressing favorably. A number of valuable works have been added to the library during the year, and the following papers have been read at the monthly meetings : — 1. “ A description of the male Alypia maccul- lochii, Kirby.” — W : Couper. 2. “ Notes ona species of Cossus taken at Mon- treal.” — Frank Butler Caulfield. 3. “The milk plant, its insect parasites, red and black in color.” — W : Couper. 4, “ How to preserve specimens of insects.” — G:J: Bowles. 5. “ On luminous insects.” — G: H. Bowles. 6. “ Montreal hymenoptera.” — W : Couper. 7. “Notes on rearing lepidoptera.” — H: Her- bert Lyman. 8. “Some of the insects that frequent the or- chard and garden,” by Rev. F. W. Fyles. (Se- lected.) —G: J: Bowles. Several tours were made by the members, during the summer, to the different collecting grounds in the vicinity of Montreal, with good results, a number of new species for our cata- log being discovered. Altogether, 1 am glad to say, our science is not being neglected here, though, perhaps, not receiving the attention it deserves, or would have were more time at our disposal. G: H. Bowes, Secretary. 70 [1629-1646] PSYCHE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets | ], rectly from the work that is noticed. marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. Unless otherwise stated each record is made di- Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. Dollfus, Adrien, see AssociaTIon francaise pour |’ avance- ment des sciences — Congres de Mont ellier, Section de zoologie, [Abstract of proceedings] [PsycHr, Rec. no. ]. 1488 Fabre, J. H. Meceurs et parthénogénése des halictes. (Comptes rendus, 22 Dec. 1879, v. 89, p- 1079-1081.) Abstract. (Rev. scientifique, 3 Jan. 1880, p. 641, 6 em.) Observations chiefly made upon h. lineolatus and h. sex- cinctus. . (1629) Fuller, Andrew S. Little-known silkworms. (Frank Leslie’s popular monthly, Jan. 1880, v. 9, p. 99-100, 102, 7 fig., 63 em.) Figures atiacus cynthia, larva, cocoon, imago; a. yama- mai, larva, cocoon, imago; a. pernyt, cocoon, imago; a. mylitta, imago. G: (1630) pE Graaf, H.W. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des anatomischen Baues der Geschlechtsorgane bei den Phalangiden. (Zool. Anzeiger, 26 Jan. 1880, jahrg. 3, p. 42-43.) Summary of results obtained by study of phalangium cornutum, ph. parietinum and leiobunus rotundus. G: D. (1631) Mayer, Paolo [= Paul]. Sopra certi organi di senso nelle antenne dei ditteri. (Mem. reale accad. dei lincei, 1879, v. 3... .) Separate, with t.-p. cover, Roma, 1879, 12 p., 30 X 12, t 21 X 13; 1 pl., 30 x 42, t 24 x 33. Describes and figures the terminal joint of the antenna and the structure of its sense-organs, in drosophila, erista- lis tenaz, sicus ferrugineus, syrphus balteatus, musca (do- mestica?), m. vomitoria and pulex irritans. G: D. (1632) Mayer, Paul. Die Verwendbarkeit der Coch- enille in der microscopischen Technik. (Zool. Anzeiger, 9 Dec. 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 345-346.) G: D. (1633) Metschnikoff, Elias. Zur Lehre iiber In- sectenkrankheiten. (Zool. Anzeiger, 26 Jan. 1880, jahrg. 3, p. 44-47.) Records results of infecting the larvae of species of cole- optera in!urious to vegetation with the spores of an insecti- cidal fungus, here called isaria destructor. G:D. (1634) Mivart, St. G: The geography of living crea- tures. (Contemporary rev., Feb. 1880, p. 275— 299.) Regions of distribution of plants and animals. A few notes on insect-distribution. G: D. (1635) Miller, Fritz. lerlingen. 1, p. 32.) Odor of daptonoura lycimnii, callidryas trite, and didonis biblis from Brazil. G: D. (1636) Ueber Geriiche von Schmet- (Zool. Anzeiger, 15 July 1878, jahrg. Miiller, Fri-z. Mittheilungen iiber Phrygani- den. (Zool. Anzeiger, 26 May 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 283-284.) Chiefly upon the structure of the pupae of Brazilian — phryganidae. : (1637) Miller, Fritz. Ueber Phryganiden. (Zool. Anzeiger, 27 Jan. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 38-40.) Larvae and larval cases of Brazilian phryganidae. G: D. (1638) Miller, Fritz. Ueber Phryganiden. (Zool. Anzeiger, 7 April 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 180-182.) Significance of the ciliate legs of pupae 7 mye le phryg- anidae. (1639) Miller, Fritz. Ueber Pectin (Zool. Anzeiger, 28 July 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 405-407.) Systematical and biological notes. G: D. (1640) Miiller, Fritz. Ueber die Vortheile der Mim- icry bei Schmetterlingen. (Zool. Anzeiger, 29 July 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 54-55.) Considerations based upon mimicry among Brazilian lep- idoptera. (1641) Miiller, Hermann. Die Insecten als unbe- wusste Blumenziichter. (Zool. Anzeiger, 15 July 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 32-33.) Mutual adaptability of certain flowers and insects. Er- ror corrected Zool. Anzeiger, 27 Jan. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 41.) G: D. (1642) Miiller, Hermann. Ueber numenia acontius. Von Fritz Miiller. (Zool. Anzeiger, 1 July 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 15-14.) Considerations upon the sexual differences os ae aes ionid from Brazil. 1643) Muller, Fritz, sce MULLER, Hermann, Ueber numenia acontius [PsycHE, Rec., no. 1643]. Packard, Alpheus Spring, jr. The cotton- worm moth [aletia argillacea| in Rhode Island. (Amer. nat., Jan. 1880, v. 14, p. 53.) G: D. (1644) Packard, Alpheus Spring, jr. Discovery of a tardigrade. (Amer. nat., Dec. 1873, v. 7, p. 740-741, fig. 181.) Figures macrobiotus americanus, n. s., from New Glou- cester, Me., and mentions another species = a enus from Iowa. ~ 1685) Popenoe, Edwin A. A list of Kansas cole- optera. (Trans. Kansas acad. sci., 1877, v. 5, p- 21-40.) Enumerates ‘‘ about 1200” species. G: D. (1646) PSYCHE. 71 ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. THE WELL-KNOWN entomological author, Karl Fritsch, of Salzburg, Austria, died 26 Dec. 1879, in his sixty-eighth year. THREE PRIZES, amounting to about 1800 dol- lars, have teen offered by the Italian govern- ment for vineyards raised from grafts of those va- rieties of American grapes which are known to be capable of resisting the attacks of phylloxera. ACCORDING TO an item in Colonies and India, a new disease, in the form of a minute tick, has sprung up in the vineyards of Cape Colony. The press of that region is, meanwhile, discuss- ing measures to prevent the introduction of phy]- loxera into the colony. Two EMINENT French lepidopterists died last December in Paris, Dr. Jean Alphonse Boisduval and Jean Etienne Berce. The latter, well-known as the author of “Les papillons de France,” died the 29th, and the former, author of many works upon lepidoptera, died the next day. THE ANNUAL meeting of the Entomological Club of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science will be held at the Mu- seum of the Boston Society of Natural History, corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, commencing at 2 p. m., Tuesday, 24 Aug. 1880. It is proposed to send to every member of the American Association, and to all others who may favor the undersigned with their address for that purpose, a circular announcing the special sub- jects which will be presented at this meeting of the Club; and therefore all entomologists who desire to read communications at that time are requested to notify one of the undersigned be- fore August Ist. This will ensure a fuller dis- cussion of the topics presented, and, it is hoped, a larger attendance. There will be aninformal social gathering of entomologists at the rooms of the Boston Society of Natural History, 24 Aug. 1880, from 10 a. m. tolp.m. During the meeting of the American Association a room will be constantly open for the exclusive use of the entomologists. Samuet H. ScuppeEr, President, Cambridge, Mass. B: Pickman Mann, Secretary, Cambridge, Mass. SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 Follen St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following : — 8 Oct. 1880. 11 Mar. 1881. 12 Nov. ,, SApr es 10 Dec. ,, 3 May ,, 14 Jan. 1881. 10 June _,, ti hep: B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR nieetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 27 Oct. 1880. 23 Feb. 1881. 24 Nov. ,, 23 Mar. ,, 22 Dec. ,, 2 ApEn 55 26 Jan. 1881. 25 May ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 8 Oct. 1880. 11 Mar. 1881. 12 Nov. ,, SeApr as 10 Dee. ,, 13 May ,, 14 Jan. 1881. 10 June ,, TL Reb: > ,, JamMEs H. Ripines, Recorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at S. W. cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following : — 13 Dec. 1880. 13 June 1881. James H. Ripines, Recording Secretary. THE REGULAR monthly meetings of the Mon- treal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, will be held at Montreal, Que., Canada, on the days following : — 6 July 1880. 7 Sept. 1880. 3 Aug. ,, 5: Octhn 5 G: H. Bow gs, Secretary. PRIZE ESSAYS. Doe 15 Ocr. 1882.— Life-histories of Sclero- stoma syngamus and of Strongilus pergracilis. See PsyYcuHE, v. 3, p. 59. PSYCHE. ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. BLANK INSECT LABELS. No, 1.— 40 on a sheet. No. 2.—50 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to Pror. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (Postpai), M 6.50 = $1.62. Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron v. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine : — “Tt is a complete repository of interesting and instruc- tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, observ- ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects ; of literary information and notices of books; and correspondence. In short, it has proved itself the special organ for the encouragement and progress of the Science of Entomology.” May be obtained of all booksellers; and from the publisher, A. DOSE, Pursus a. RicGeEn, GERMANY. Back volumes may be had from the same, 1875 4 2.50 M; 1877 43M; 187845 M; 1879 46.50 M. t@> European exchanges and communica- tions will receive more immediate attention by being addressed to GreorGe Dimmock, Leipzig, Germany. LEPIDOPTERA. Living cocoons, pupae and ova of American lep- idoptera bought or exchanged for other species, by Monsieur ALFRED WAILLY, (Membre-Lauréat de la Société d’Acelimatation de France), 110 Clapham Road, London, S. W., England. DIMMOCK’S SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES. No.1. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF JOHN L. LEConTE. Compiled by Samuel Henshaw. Edi- ted by George Dimmock. Nov. 1878. 11 p.t19X 12.5, Price, 30 cents 6n 5 X 12.5 title-slips, $1.25. No, 2. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF GEORGE H. Horn. Compiled by Samuel Hen- shaw. Edited by George Dimmock. Jan. 1879. 6 p.t19X12.5. Price, 20 cents; on 5X 12.5 title- slips, 50 cents. No. 3. THE WRITINGS OF SAMUEL HUBBARD SCUD- DER. Compiled and edited by George Dimmock. Aug. 1879. 28 p.t19X 12.5. Price 50 cents. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. FOR SALE. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus, Bon., by J. L. Leconte, M. D. (with description of new species). Reprint from Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., v. 2, Noy. 1879, p. 43-58. Price, 50 cts. Address Brooklyn Entomological Society, 9 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y. FOR SALE. Single copies of PSYCHE. Price: 2 copies for 15 cts.; 4 copies for 20 cts. Nos. 37, 38, 39-40, 47-48, 51- 52, 55-56, 60, 61-62 (no plate), 64, 65, 66, 67, 68. Address: Editors of PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. GALLS AND GALL INSECTS. The undersigned desires, either by exchange or otherwise, Galls from all parts of the United States. He is especially interested in those made by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Diptera. Correspondence in reference to Gall growths, or other vegetable abnormities, is invited. CHARLES V. RILEY, Washington, D. C. No. 72 was issued 28 May 1880. oe Belge oe ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [ Established in 1874. ] EDITED BY Grorce Dimmock, Cambridge, Mass.; B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. ; Apert J: Coox, Lansing, Mich.; Cuitrrorp CHAsE Eaton, Cambridge, Mass.; JosrrpH Duncan Putnam, Davenport, Iowa. Vol. 3. No. 74. JUNE 1880. J CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS 5 74 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE Bade OF ee Asviitee TO ‘ Concee ALIDS OF Et RFLIES —W: H: Edwards : 75 LARVAE OF THE FamILy Py SiS Day ie Ei Loring Moody 76 PROCEEDINGS oF SocreTIES—Cambridge Entomological Club 77 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD z “78-82 EnromoLoeicat Irems — Society Aisbiings Bias Késils 83 ADVERTISEMENTS 5 ; : : y 3 n ; 84 CampripGe, Mass., U. S. A.: PuprisnHep sy Grorcre Dimmock. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 15 c. [Entered as second class mail matter.] 74 PSYCHE. PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, . 4 : 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, . ° ‘ $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . - $3. Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips,) postpaid, . : F $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, - 5 . 5 - : $3 One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper, postpaid, . 2 . $d Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, if ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. La Scientific publications desired in exchange. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH— STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. 8a Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates :— Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, A - $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . iD .60 Quarter “ ae a r a> M2 1.00 Half cs ue SE Pao: 2 1.75 One a ce ee a eee A 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epirors or Psycue, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & Sonn, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE, Klaeger’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no. 00-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-6,$1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in pachages of 500; smaller lots, 20 cts. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 25 & 35 em., 45, cts. Light mailing boxes, 17 X 22 cm., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 30 & 8.5 & 0.5 cm., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8 & 50 mm., 10> 60 mm., 12 70 mim., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 cts. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 22X14 mm., 35 cts. per 1000; 27X12 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of fhe under side of Lucanus cervus: each 50 cts. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUT TERFLIES WANTED The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stages of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Entomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10 cents. E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. PSY CEH. EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECT OF COLD APPLIED TO CHRYS- ALIDS OF BUTTERFLIES. BY WILLIAM HENRY EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA. (Concluded from p. 19.) Between 26 Feb. and 19 March 1880, there emerged, in my house, 10 examples of Papilio ajax from the chrysalids sub- jected to cold for 14 and 20 days in 1879, as related on page 4. From the lot iced 14 days emerged 2 %, 2 2; from that of 20 days, 4 %, 2 9. From chrysalids of same laying of eggs, but which were not iced, emerged 4 % 8 between 4 March and 30 March. Eight of the ten iced chrysalids gave butterflies before 2 March, and therefore 2 days be- fore any had come from the not iced lot. The other two emerged on 18 and 19 March. On 4 April, I examined all these butter- flies and compared them with each other, and also with examples from same lot of eggs, the chrysalids of which had been iced and gave butterflies in 1879. 1. Comparing with each other: all are telamonides. I found no difference in shape or coloration, between the examples iced and not iced. 2. Comparing with examples from same lot of eggs, which emerged in 1879: these latter have the summer form (marcellus) with the coloration of the winter form (telamonides), wherever the change is complete ; and any change at all is in the direction of the winter form (p. 5, 6). The wings are all produced, the hind mar- gins of primaries concave ; the tails very long, averaging % 23.5 mm., 2 24.1 mm. The butterflies of 1880 have the wings much less produced, the hind margins straight or convex; the tails short, aver- aging, $ 18.1 mm., 2 20.3 mm. The icing apparently produced no effect on the chrysalids which passed the winter, except perhaps to hasten the appearance of the butterflies a few days. But the same treatment altered the markings of the butterflies which emerged in 1879. It does not appear that the effect of the cold was really to precipitate the emerging of any in 1879,—that is, to compel any which would naturally have emerged in 1880, to do so in 1879. On examining the proportion of hibernating chrysalids from several broods of ajax, as recorded in Butterflies of N. A., v. 1, p. 11-13, I find that of all broods in and after May, about one-half the chrysalids gave butter- flies the same year. The figures are 14- 39 [0.36], 10-17 [0.59], 6-10 [0.60], 40- 76 senting the earlier broods. Of the 69 pupae of June 1879 (Psycne, p. 4), 34 yielded butterflies the same season; and of the 35 of same lot, which were iced, 16 emerged the same season. By this it does not appear that cold made any butterfly emerge in 1879 whose natural term was 1880. It is impossible to be absolutely certain of this fact, but the probability is very strong that the change produced by cold was in coloration, or in the clothing (as in the frontal hairs). What PSYCHE. 76 [0.53] [average, 0.52], the first repre-. should have emerged in 1879 as the sum- mer form did so emerge in shape, but pre- sented the coloration of the winter form. I call to mind only two species of North American butterflies in which there is a decided difference of shape between the winter and summer forms, namely, P. ajax and Grapta interrogationis. In other spe- cies, as the shape is identical in both forms, it could not be ascertained whether the ap- plication of cold had affected anything be- yond the coloration or clothing. LARVAE OF THE FAMILY PYROCHROIDAE. BY HENRY LORING MOODY, MALDEN, MASS. The larva of Dendroides canadensis is a type of the larvae of the Pyrochroidae, of which family I have bred four species, namely, D. canadensis, D. concolor, Pyro- chroa flabellata, and Schizotus cervicalis. These larvae all have a much flattened and appressed body, a vertically compressed head slightly broader than the prothorax, and, attached to the final segment, a corne- ous plate, produced into two distant, hori- zontal, more or less curved processes. Three of the species are honey yellow, and approximate very nearly in size. The fourth, Schizotus cervicalis, is of a smoky tint andsmaller. The color separates this last from the other three, which may be sep- arated from each other by the corneous plate and processes. In D. canadensis the processes are nearly one third longer than the basal portion, are rather slender, regu- larly though moderately curved inward, and have fine granulations which are more nu- merous toward the tips. Between these processes at their bases, are found two small blind cavities, or cul-de-sacs, which do not appear at all when looked for from above. In D. concolor the processes are stouter, nearly straight, and hardly longer than the basal portion. The tips are obliquely cut off on their inner side. The cul-de-sacs between them are larger than in D. cana- densis, and have at their lower side a slightly projecting lip, which can be seen from above. The modification of these characters in P. flabellata is more marked ; the processes are straight on the inner edge, still shorter in proportion to the base than in the previous species, and the gran- ulations are much stronger. On the under side of each process, near the base, there is a tooth-like projection, and the outer edge at the base has two such projections, one smaller than the other. The cul-de- sacs are very large, with the projecting lip prominent and emarginate at the middle. In conclusion a word in regard to the eu- rious cul-de-sacs. They are deep, and sug- gest a possible organic use; but thus far, though I have carefully dissected for the purpose, I have not found that they are in any way connected with the internal organs, or have any opening into the interior of the body. PSYCHE. PSY CELE CAMBRIDGE, MASS., JUNE 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology wili not be reviewed in PSYCHE. For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad- vertising columns. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 15 Fer. 1880. — 65th meeting. Mr. S: H. Scud- der read a letter from Mr. W: H: Edwards, who says he has received four specimens of Grapta faunus from Oregon. This species was not pre- viously known to occur west of Lake Winnipeg. 12 Mar. 1880. — 66th meeting. Dr. H. A. Hagen gave a summary of the literature hither- to formed upon suction in the proboscis of lepi- doptera. Mr. S: Henshaw exhibited a living Lepisma saccharina which had eaten some large holes through a piece of soft white paper en- closed in the vial with it. Mr. S: H. Scudder showed, under the microscope, the tips of the proboscis of several species of butterflies, to call attention to the various appendages which may there be found. Mr. S: H. Scudder showed spe- cimens illustrating the manner in which Oecan- thus niveus lays her eggs. Brunner thinks the American and European species are the same, but Scudder doubts this. The American species or form lays one egg in each hole, but the Euro- pean species lays three eggs in each hole. Dr. H. A. Hagen exhibited a Sphinx imago, in which the head was extremely small. 9 Aprit 1880. — 67th meeting. In accordance with the amendment to the constitution, adopted at the last meeting, Clifford Chase Eaton was elected Librarian. (ive Mr. 8: H. Seudder showed two plates of fig- ures illustrating fossil insects from the Green River shales of Colorado, and said that the basin of Florissant, whence these fossils are obtained, is filled with volcanic ash and volcanic sand. Dr. H. A. Hagen gave some account of his recent studies upon the larvae of Agrionina, and men- tioned that the larva of Blepharocera [a dipteron| had been discovered. Mr. S: H. Scudder said that he had finished the preparation of a paper on Retinia frustrana, which is destroying Pinus rigida on the island of Nantucket, Mass. He finds that the moth has two broods in a year. 14 May 1880. — 68th meeting. Mr.S: H. Seud- der described the formation and character of the insect-bearing peat-beds of Nantucket,... and gave notice that Mr. Whitman, residing at No. 5, Kaga Yashiki, Hogo, Japan, wishes to ex- change Japanese insects for others. ... 11 June 1880.— 69th meeting. Mr. S: H. Scudder said that on 5 June he found the ima- gos of Retinia frustrana in innumerable abun- dance at Nantucket, and noticed in them a habit directly contrary to one he had noted on a pre- vious visit,in May. On the previous visit, when nearly all the specimens were males, they alighted on the tip of a needle of the pine, ran down to the brown part of the twig, and then placed themselves in a position transverse to the twig. At this time (June), when nearly all the imagos were females, they alighted at the base of the needles, ran thence to the tip, and rested longi- tudinally upon the needle. Mr. Scudder sought in vain for the eggs, which are probably laid be- tween the leaf-scales, near the tip of the shoot, and thinks the time of laying may be later. He obtained eggs by confining the imago in a pill-box. At the end of September 1878 about a half of the insects were larvae and about a half were pupae. The-imagos appeared in the latter part of April and early part of May. The corresponding European species, Retinia duplana, which injures Pinus sylvestris, develops into pu- pae rapidly in the spring, but the pupae lie eight months undeveloped, according to Ratze- burg. B: PickMan Mann, Secretary. 78 [1647-1656] PSYCHE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as. published. The date of publication, given in brackets |], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. rectly from the work that is noticed. Unless otherwise stated each record is made di- Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. Allen, Grant. Colour in nature. (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 580-581, 33 cm.) Crit. rev., by A. R. Wallace, entitled, “ Re- marks by the reviewer.” (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 581, 10 em.) Crit. rev. of A. R. Wallace’s crit. rev., entitled, ‘‘ Colour in nature....’’ (Nature, 3 April 1879, v. 19, p. 501-505) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1718], of the author’s ‘Colour sense : its origin...’ [PsycHr, Rec., no. 1648]. Colors of cater- pillars very briefly discussed. . (1647) Allen, Grant. The colour-sense: its origin and development. An essay in comparative psychology. London, Triibner & Co., 1879. (The English and foreign philosophical libra- ry, v. 10.) 12-+ 282 p., 22 X 14, t 15.5 X 8.8. Imported sheets, with new imprint, Boston, Houghton, Osgood & Co., 1879. (The Eng- lish and foreign philosophical library, v. 14.) 12 + 282 p., 22 x 14, t 15.5 X 8.8. cl., $3.50. Crit. rev., by A. R. Wallace, entitled “Col- our in nature....” (Nature, 3 April 1879, v. 19, p. 501-505.) Rey. and extracts (in Germ.) by Hermann Miiller, entitled “Grant Allen, der Farbensinn, sein Ursprung und seine Entwickelung.” (Kos- mos [Leipzig], July 1879, bd. 5, p. 308-319, 427 cm.) Crit. rev., by E. Krause, entitled “ Nach- schrift iiber Ideen-Adoptiv-Viter.” (Kosmos [Leipzig], July 1879, bd. 5, p. 319-824, 209 cm.) Crit. rev. (Biblioth. universelle et rev. suisse, No ». 1879, an. 84, période 3, v. 4, p. 349-355.) For reviews of Wallace’s review, and further discussion, see WALLACE, A. R., ‘‘ Colour in nature. . .”” [Psycue, Rec., no. 1718] G: D. (1648) Animal rubber. (Sci. amer., 3 Jan. 1880, v. 42, p. 3, col. 3, 3 cm.) Upon niin from coccus adipofera. G: D. (1649) [Carboniferous butterflies.]| Gab es schon wihrend der Steinkohlenzeit Schmetterlinge ? (Kosmos [Leipzig], June 1879, bd. 5, p. 218- 219, 42 cm.) Reviews the questions under discussion in R. MecLach- lan’s and A. R. Wallace’s ‘‘ Did flowers exist during the carboniferous epoch?’’ (Nature, April and May 1879 [Psycue, Rec., no. 1665, 1719, 1666]. G: D. (1650 Cassino, S: E., ed. The naturalists’ directory for 1878, containing the names of the natural- ists of America north of Mexico, arranged al- phabetically, and by departments ; also a list of scientific societies, and a catalogue of ob- tainable scientific books, arranged by subjects. Salem, Naturalists’ agency, 1878. 184-++ 16+ 9+-15 p., 20 x 15. > B: P. M. (1651) Cocuyo (The), the brilliant fire-fly of the trop- ics. (Springfield [Mass.] d. republican, 30 April 1879, p. 3, col. 1, 10 em.) Extract from a letter from Vera Cruz, Mexico, in the NV. Y. evening post. Describes the use of the cocuyo ( py- rophorus noctilucus) as an ornament for the hair and cloth- ing. 7 (1652) Donde Ibarra, Joaquin. Ni-in. (La emual- cion [Merida, Yucatan], 1879, vy. 2, no. 11, p. 174-180.) Abstract, entitled, “An oil-producing in- sect.” (Sci. amer., 3 Jan. 1880, v. 42, p. 10, col. 1, 22 cm.) Proposes the name coccus adipofera for the niin insect of Yucatan; describes the fatty secretion of this insect. G: D. (1653) ¢ [Donde Ruiz, Juan.} Al “Scientific ameri- can supplement.” (La emulacion [Merida, Yu- catan], July 1879, v. 3, no. 20-24, p. 316-317.) Translation of, and notes upon a brief article entitled ** An interesting insect,’ in Scientific american supplement, no. 184 (July 1879); on the niin insect (coccus adipofera) of Yucatan. G: D. (1654) First paper-maker (The). (The paper world | Holyoke, Mass.], Jan. 1880, v. 1, p. 16, 25 em.) Wasps as paper-makers. G: D, (1655) Giard, Alfred. Deux especes d’entomophthora nouvelles pour la flore fran¢aise et présence de la forme tarichium sur une muscide. (Bull. sci. du dépt. du nord, s. 2, an. 2, p. 353-363.) Separate, with same paging, Lille, [1880]. 22 x 13.5, t 15 X 8.8. Considers that only the first of the three names, ento- mophthora, empusa and tarichium ought to remain as a generic name, ‘he others being forms of the first. These fungi reproduce themselves asexually during warm weather, when insects are abundant, but in the autumn they pro- duce oospores to rema n over winter. Describes entomoph- thora calliphorae (new species), form tarichium, from calli- phora vomitoria, and gives notes upon e. rimosa and e. me- gasperma. G: D. (1656) PSYCHE. Graber, Vitus. Die Insekten. 1. Theil: Der Organismus der Insekten. Mit 200 Original- Holzschnitten. t.-p. cover, 8-++- 404 p. 11. Theil, 1 Halfte: Vergleichende Lebensgeschichte der Insekten. Mit 86 Original-Holzschnitten. t.-p. cover, 6-+ 262 p. 11. Theil, 2 Halfte: Ver- gleichende Lebens- und Entwicklungsge- schichte der Insekten. Mit 127 Original-Holz- schnitten. t.-p. cover, 8p.-+ p. 263-604. Miin chen, R. Oldenbourg; 1. Th. und1.Th., 1 Halfte, 1877; 11. Th., 2 Halfte, 1879. (Die Naturkrafte. Eine naturwissenschaftliche Volksbibliothek, bd. 21-22.) complete, pap., 9 M. Rey., entitled, “ Graber’s Insects.” (Amer. nat., Oct. 1878, v. 12, p. 689-690; Dec. 1879, v. 15, p. 774-775.) Rey., entitled, “Drei neue Werke iiber In- sektenkunde.” (Kosmos [Leipzig], March 1880, bd. 6, p. 487-488, 48 cm.) An illustrated general work on the anatomy, comparative life-history, and development of insects. The author is professor of zoology in the Czernowitz University in Austria. G: D. (1657) Graber, Vitus. Die tympanalen Sinnesappa- rate der Orthopteren. (Denkschrift d. kais. Akad. d. Wissensch., math.-naturwissensch. Classe, 1876, bd. 36, abth. 2, p. 1-140, pl. 1-10.) Separate, with t.-p. cover and t.-p., Wien, K. Gerold, 1876, 140 p., 10 pl., 31 25, t 24 & 17.2. Anatomical. G: D. (1658) Hagen, Hermann August. Obnoxious pests. Suggestions relative to their destruction by Dr. Hazen [sic], read before the Thursday club, April 5, 1879. (Boston even. transcript, 11 April 1879, v. 52, no. 15946, p. 6, col. 2-3, 64 cm.) Reprint. (Can. entom., June [July] 1879, v. 11, p. 110-114.) Reprint, with large additions, entitled, “ De- struction of obnoxious insects, phylloxera, po- tato beetle, cotton-worm, Colorado grasshop- per, and greenhouse pests, by application of the yeast fungus.” Cambridge, 1879. half tp. cover-+-11 p., 25 x 15,t 17 X 9.6. [Sold by C: W. Sever, Cambridge, Mass.; price 10 cts.] Rev. (Nation, 11 Dec. 1879, v. 29, p. 402- 403, 10 cm.) Rey. in E. Metschnikoff’s “Zur Lehre iiber Insectenkrankheiten.” (Zool. Anzeiger, 26 Jan. 1880, jahrg. 5, p. 44-47.) Ao (Amer. nat., Feb. 1880, v. 14, p. 133- :) Summary of investigations and experiments made by several persons, leading to the conclusion that fly fungus (empusa muscae), common mould (mucor mucedo), yeast fungus (hormiscium cerevisiae) and achlya prolifera, are different developments of the same species, and that insects sprinkled with or fed on beer mash or yeast fungus will be- come infested with spores and will be killed, besides com- municating the disease to other insects. Hagen’s original contribution to the subject is the suggestion that yeast fun- gus should be used as the propagator of the disease. G: D., B: P. M. (1659) [1657-1667] 79 Hagen, Hermann August. Destruction of ob- noxious insects, phylloxera, potato beetle, cot- ton-worm, Colorado grasshopper, and green- house pests, by application of the yeast fungus. Cambridge, 1879. Half t.-p. cover + 11 p., 28 xX 15, t 17 X 9.6. [Sold by C: W. Sever, Cam- bridge, Mass.; price 10 cts.] Reprint, with large additions, of the author’s ‘‘ Obnox- ious pests... .’? [Psycue, Rec., no. 1659]. B: P.M. (1660) Krause, Ernst. Nachschrift iiber Ideen-Adop- tiv-Viter. (Kosmos [Leipzig], July 1879, bd. 5, p. 8319-324, 209 em.) Crit. rev. of Grant Allen’s ‘‘Colour sense: its origin and development... .’’ [Psycue, Rec., no. 1648], in which Krause accuses the author of taking, without acknowledg- ment, the theories of others. G: D. (1661) Lelievre, Ernest. Chrysalide piquée de va- nessa urticae, “la petite tortue.” (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Nov. 1879, an. 9, p. 15.) Notes 228 ichneumons from one chrysalis. G: D. (1662) 4 Lelievre, Ernest. Régime alimentaire de cer- taines especes de lépidopteres. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Oct. 1879, an. 9, p. 155-154.) Mentions a number of species of French diurnal lepido- ptera which feed on excrement, decayed trees, ripe fruit, and upon the stagnant water of pools. G: D. (1663) Leonard, Ad. Abondance du colias edusa, var. Q helice Hb. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, Jan. 1880, an. 10, p. 38.) G: D. (1664) Did flowers exist dur- (Nature, 17 McLachlan, Robert. ing the carboniferous epoch ? April 1879, v. 19, p. 554, 6 cm.) Crit. rev., by A. R. Wallace, with same title. (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 582, 10 cm.) Answer to Wallace’s crit. rev., by McLach- lan, with same title. (Nature, 1 May 1879, v. 20, p. 5-6, 14 cm.) “Mr. A. R. Wallace, in his review of Mr. Allen’s ‘The colour sense’ (Nature, v. xix, p. 501), has been misled in supposing the fossil insect from the Belgian coal-fields, namely breyeria borinensis, may be a moth. ... Thus we remain without any zoological evidence that would tend to prove the exist2nce of flowering plants in the carbonifer- ous age.”’ G: D. (1665) McLachlan, Robert. ing the carboniferous epoch ? 1879, v. 20, p. 5-6, 14 cm.) Reyv., entitled, “Gab es schon wahrend der Steinkohlenzeit Schmetterlinge? (Kosmos [Leipzig], June 1879, bd. 5, p. 218-219, 42 cm.) Opposes the views expressed in A. R. Wallace’s ‘‘ Did flowers exist...’? (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 582 [Psycue, Rec., no. 1719]. G: D. (1666) Did flowers exist dur- (Nature, 1 May Mares, H. Du traitement des vignes phyllo- xérées. (Comptes rendus, 5 Jan. 1880, v. 90, p. 28-31.) Abstract. (Rev. scientifique, 17 Jan. 1880, an. 9, p. 689, 7 cm.) G: D. (1667) 80 [1668-1688] Miiller, Hermann. Bombus mastrucatus, ein Dysteleolog unter den alpinen Blumenbesu- chern. (Kosmos [Leipzig], Sept. 1879, bd. 5, p- 422-431, 357 em.) Rey. and abstract by W: Trelease, entitled, “ The humble bee a dysteleologist among alpine flower visitors.” (Amer. nat., April 1880, v. 14, p. 288-291.) Discusses the beneficial and injurious effects of b. mas- trucatus upon flowers, and the means of protection of cer- tain flowers against thé incursion of this insect. 9 (1668) Miiller, Hermann. Grant Allen, der Farben- sinn, sein Ursprung und seine Entwickelung:- (Kosmos [Leipzig], July 1879, bd. 5, p. 308- 319, 427 cm.) Rey. and abstract of, with extracts (in Germ.) from G. Allen’s ‘‘ Colour sense: its origin and development... .’’ [Psycue, Rec., no. 1648]. GD: (1669) Oil-producing insect (An). (Sci. amer., 3 Jan. 1880, v. 42, p. 10, col. 1, 22 cm.) Concerning the niin insect (here called coccus adipofera) and the oil from it ; facts from La emulacion (Merida, Yu_ catan). (1670) Packard, Alpheus Spring, jr. Moths entrap- ped by an asclepiad plant, physianthus, and killed by honey bees. (Amer. nat., Jan. 1880, v. 14, p. 48-50.) Discussion of the carnivorous habits of apis mellifica, based upon a letter from L. Thompson. Opinions of Pro- fessors Cook, Darwin, and Gray, and of Dr. Hermann Miil- ler upon the modes of capture and of killing of insects by the flowers of plants, and upon carnivorous habits of bees. 7 (1671) Patton, W: Hampton. A gall inhabiting ant. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1879, v. 18, p. 126-127.) Describes stenamma gallarum, anew species of ant from Connecticut. This ant inhabits galls of gelechia gallae- solidaginis and of cynips spongijsica, and frequents flowers of viola and potentilla. G: D. (1672) Pierce, Newton B. Sound-producing organs of the cricket. (Amer. nat., May 1879, v. 13, p. 322-324, 2 fig.) Figures sound-producing organs of gryllus. G: D. (1673) Plotz, Carl. Die MHesperiinen-Gattung pyr- rhopyga und ihre Arten. (Entom. Zeitung . zu Stettin, Oct.Dec. 1879, jahrg. 40, p. 520- 538.) Species from Mexico and southward. G: D. (1674) Potts, E: Shedding of the tracheae in the molting of insects. (Amer. nat., July 1879, v. 15, p. 454.) Notice, by C: V. Riley, entitled, “The shed- ding of the tracheae and double cocoons.” (Amer. nat., Oct. 1879, v. 13, p. 652.) Observations on bombyx mori. G: D. (1675) Potts, E: Two chrysalids in the same cocoon |of bombyx mori]. (Amer. nat., July 1879, v. 13, p. 455.) Notice, by C: V. Riley, entitled, “The shed- ding of the tracheae and double cocoons.” age nat., Oct. 1879, v. 13, p. 652.) G: D. (41676) PSYCHE. |Proctotrupidae, Very small specimenfrom amber.| (Amer. nat., Jan. 1879, v. Pe: , P. 62.) (1677) Reichenau, W. [Petroleum und Naphtha- lin] Als Mittel gegen Raubinsecten. (Zool. Anzeiger, 3 Noy. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 573-574.) G: D. (1678) Reichenbach, H. Wie die Insekten sehen. (Daheim [Leipzig], 31 Jan. 1880, jahrg. 16, p. 284-286, 4 fig., 118 cm.) Popular. G: D. (1679) Riley, C: Valentine. Locust flights east of the Mississippi. (Sci. amer., 16 Dec. 1876, v. 35, p. 392, col. 1-2, 67 em., 2 fig.) acad. sci., 1877, v. 5, p. 62-64.) Treats of caloplenus spretus and acridium americanum. G: D. (1680) Riley, C: Valentine. The shedding of the tracheae and double cocoons. (Amer. nat., Oct. 1879, v. 13, p. 652.) Notice of E: Potts? ‘Shedding of the tracheae in the molting of insects”? (/. c., p. 454) [Psycne, Rec., no. 1675] and ‘*Two chrysalids in the same cocoon” Ate = 3 p- 455) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1676]. (1681) (Trans. Kansas Riley, C: Valentine. The westward progress of the imported cabbage worm. (Amer. nat., June 1879, v. 13, p. 393.) Spread of pieris rapae in the U.S.; remedies and pre- ventive measures. From a paper read before the Missouri State Horticultural Society in Jan. 1879. G: D. (1682) Root, A.I. The A B C of bee culture: [Psycue, Rec., no. 1543]. Rey. (Saturday rey., 28 Feb. 1880, v. 49, p. 295, 3 cm.) uae Russell, Israel C. The fertilization of the wistaria. (Amer. nat., Oct. 1879, v. 13, p. 648- 649.) How wistaria frutescens is fertilized by bombus and other insects. G: D. (1684) Ryder, J: A. An account of a new genus of minute pauropod myriapods. (Amer. nat., Oct. 1879, v. 13, p. 603-612, il.) Describes and figures eurypauropus spinosus (new genus and species from Pennsylvania), and gives a revision of the pauropoda. G: D. (1685) Ryder, J: A. Bees gathering honey from the catalpa. (Amer. nat., Oct. 1879, v. 15, p. 648.) Apis mellifica gathers honey from the nectariferous glands of catalpa bignonioides. G: D. (1686) R[yder], J: A. Note on a larval lithobius-like fe (Amer. nat., May 1880, v. 14, p. 76.) G: D. (1687) Ryder, J: A. Scolopendrella as the type of a new order of articulates, symphyla. (Amer. nat., May 1880, v. 14, p. 375-376.) Defines a new order, symphyla, of which ie endrella is given as type. G: (1688) PSYCHE. Ryder, J: A. A probable new species of phy- toptus or gall-mite. (Amer. nat., Noy. 1879, v. 13, p. 704-7085, 1 fig.) G: D. (1689) Saunders, W: Insect powder. (Can. entom., March 1879, v. 11, p. 41-43.) (Amer. nat., Sept. 1879, v. 13, p. 572-574.) Powder of pyrethrum and its uses. G: D. (1690) DE Saussure, Henri F. Spicilegia entomolo- gica genavensia. 1. Genre hemimerus. [Tiré des Mémoires de la société de physique et @histoire naturelle de Geneve, tome xxvI, 2me partie.] Geneve, 1879. t.-p. cover, 26 p., 1 pl, 31 x 23, t 18 X 13. Hemimerus talpoides Walker, from Sierra Leone, has one more mouth-part than insects have, and therefore is not, as has been supposed; an orthopteron. Hemimerus has, according to the author: 1. a labrum, 2. two mandi- bles, 3. two maxillae, 4. a superior labium (endolabium), 5. an inferior labium (ectolabium). Compares hemimerus with other insects ; proposes a new order, diploglossata, for it; figures hemimerus and its parts. G: D. (1691) Schneck, J. The chipping versus the Euro- pean sparrow. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1880, v. 14, p. 129-130.) Passer domesticus rarely devours larvae of pieris rapae ; spizella socialis eats them readily. ~D. (1692) (Name wrongly given as S. Schneck.] J. 8. Scudder, S: Hubbard. Notice of the butter- flies collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in the arid regions of southern Utah and northern Arizona during the summer of 1877. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. surv. terr., 1878, v. 4, no. 1, p. 253-258.) Enumerates 41 species, with localities and dates; de- scribes the following 3 n. sp.: neominois dionysus, syn- chloe thoosa, heteropterus libya; notes on other species. B: P. M. (1693) Seasonable hints [regarding the care of bees. | (Rural new yorker, 12 June 1880, v. 39, no. 24, p. 377, col. 4, 34 em.) Practical remarks on the care of bees in the month of June. J.D. P. (1694) Sections of insects. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1873, VW.) (5, p-. 119.) How to prepare sections for the microscope. G: D, (1695) S[immonds], P. L. The Tusser silk-worm. (Journ. applied sci., Oct. 1879, v. 10, p. 153- 154, 86 cm.) Discussion of the possibility of utilizing, to a greater extent than at present, the cocoons of the wild silk moths, species of altacus or antheraea, in India; notes and statis- tics from various sources. G: D. (1696) Snow, Frank H. List of coleoptera collected in Colorado in June, July and August, 1876, by the Kansas university scientific expedi- tion. (Trans. Kansas acad. sci., 1877, v. 5, p. 15-20.) Enumerates 304 species belonging to 34 families, with notes. G: D. (1697) [1689-1707] 81 Sograff, N. Vorliufige Mittheilungen iiber die Organisation der Myriapoden. (Zool. An- zeiger, 13 Jan. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 16-18.) Brief outline of results obtained from study of the anat- omy of cermatia, lithobius, scolopendra, himantarium, geo- philus and henicops, especially of lithobius. G: D. (1698) Spengel, J. W. Einige neue Verbesserungen am Schlitten-mikrotom. (Zool. Anzeiger, 15 Dec. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 641-648, 4 fig.) G: D. (1699) Sprague, C:J. Insects caught by the phys- tanthus. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1880, v. 14, p. 128.) Physianthus albens captures insects. G: D. (1700) Sprague, H: S. Lectures for the people. The 8th lecture before the [Buffalo] society of natural sciences. Insects. (Buffalo [N. Y.] d. courier, 26 Feb. 1877, v. 42, no. 57.) A 2 1-2 column full report of a popular general lecture on insects. G: (1701) Statistics of cochineal production in the Ca- nary Islands. (New remedies, April 1880, v. 9, p. 118, 6 cm.) From Amer. mail and export journ.; originally from Cronica de la industria (Madrid, Spain]. G: D. (1702) Stone, Octavius C. A few months in New Guinea. N. Y., Harper & Bros., 1879. 25 p., 28.5 < 20.5, t (3 columns) 25 X 17.5. (Franklin sq. lib., no. 92.) pap., 10 c. Mentions (p. 11, col. 2) natives capturing and eating head-lice (pediculus), and discusses (p. 17, col. 3) the com- parative abundance of mosquitoes (culex) in different coun- tries, temperate and tropical. Appendix gives native names of some insects. G: D. (1703) Stroop, S.J. Oestrus hominis in Texas. (Amer. nat., July 1873, v. 7, p. 437.) The editors of Amer. nat. determine the specimen, taken from the shoulder of a boy, to be oestrus ovis, or a closely allied species. G: D. (1704) Taylor, J. R. Curious habit of the English sparrow. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1879, v. 18, p. 706.) Passer domesticus captures doryphora decemlineata on the wing. G: D. (1705) Th., H. A propos de V’invasion de la vanessa cardui en France, dans été de 1879. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, an. 9, Oct. 1879, p. 153.) Flights of v. cardui, and abundance of plusia gamma and of other lepidoptera in France in 1879. General notes on insect flights. G: D. (1706) Passage of specific charac- Thomas, Cyrus. (Amer. nat. ters from one genus to another. Sept. 1873, v. 7, p. 566.) Specimens of acrididae from Arizona ‘‘ which, in specific characters, including even color, agree exactly with acrolo- phitus hirtipes, but differ in two prominent generic charac- ters.”’ ; (1707) 82 [1708-1723] Tichomiroff, A. Ueber die Entwickelungs- geschichte des Seidenwurms. (Zool. Anzeiger, 3 Feb. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 64-67.) Brief results of researches on bombyx mori, to be pub- lished later in the Arbeiten aus dem Laboratorium des Zool. Mus. Moskau. G: D. (1708) Todd, James E. On certain contrivances for cross-fertilization in flowers. (Amer. nat., Jan., 1879, v. 13, p. 1-6, fig. 1-8.) Almost wholly botanical. G: D. (1709) Torrey, Bradford. Migration of dragon flies. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1880, v. 14, p. 152-133.) Migrations seen in Weymouth and Boston, Mass. G: (1710) Trade in cochineal (The). (Journ. applied sci., 1 March 1880, v. 11, p. 42, 5 em.) Statistics of exportation of cochineal from the Canary Islands, from 1873 to 1879, taken from Cronica de la indus- tria (Madrid, Spain]. GaeD. (tia) Treat, Mary. The habits of a tarantula. (Amer. nat., Aug. 1879, v. 15, p. 485-489, 2 figs.) Figures and describes nest of tarantula nigrina; notes upon other habits of the species. G: D. (1712) Treat, Mary. Observations on the sundew. (Amer. nat., Dec. 1873, v. 7, p. 705-708.) Drosera jiliformis captures not only tiny insects but also large flies, and many moths and butterflies. G: D. (1713) Trelease, W: The humble bee a dysteleolo- gist among alpine flower visitors. (Amer. nat., April 1880, v. 14, p. 288-291.) . Rey. and abstract of H. Miiller’s ‘‘ Bombus mastrucatus, ein Dysteleolog unter den alpinen Blumenbesuchern ”’ (Kosmos, Sept. 1879, bd. 5, p. 422-431) [Psycur, Rec. no. 1668). G: D. (1714) [United States entomological commission, Appropriations for the.| (Amer. nat., May 1879, vy. 13, p. 342-848.) G: D. (1715) Voges, Ernst. Zur Morphologie und Anato- mie der Juliden. 1. Das Tracheensystem von glomeris. (Zool. Anzeiger, 16 Dec. 1878, jahrg. 1, p. 361-363.) G: D. (1716) Wailly, Alfred. On silk-producing bombyces and other lepidoptera. Reprinted from the “Journal of the society of arts,’ February 13th and March 5th 1880. London, {March] 1880. t-p.+6 p., 25 X 16.5, t 21 X 13.5. Mostly biological. Bombyx trifolii hibernates as devel- oped larva in the egg; the stages in which other bombycids hibernate ; effects of the weather, during 1879, on species of lepidoptera reared ; pairing of several species, its dura- tion, its hindrance by cold; number of eggs laid by several species, and their fertility when different species are crossed ; hybrids obtained by crossing different species and the degeneracy of these hybrids in a state of confinement ; more extended notes on atiacus mylitta =antheraea pa- phia), the Tussar or Tusser silkworm, with brief descrip- tion of eggs and six stages of the larvae. Species upon which notes are given: actias luna, a. selene, attacus car- pini, a. cynthia, a. mylitta, a. pernyi, a. pyri, a. roylei, a. spini, bombyx trifolii, endromis versicolora, gortyna flava- go, papilio alexanor, p. machaon, p. podalirius, samia ce- cropia, s. gloveri, s. promethea, saturnia io, s. maia, serica- ria mori, s. yama-mai, and telea polyphemus. G: D. (1717) PSYCHE. Wallace, Alfred Russel. Colour in nature. [A crit. rev. of] The colour sense: its origin and development. An essay in comparative psychology. By Grant Allen, B.A. (Nature, 3 April 1879, v. 19, p. 501-508.) Crit. rev., by R. McLachlan, entitled “ Did flowers exist during the carboniferous epoch ?” (Nature, 17 April 1879, v. 19, p. 554, 6 cm.) Crit. rev., by G. Allen, entitled, “‘ Colour in nature.” (Nature, 24 April 1879, vy. 19, p. 580- 581, 35 cm.) Reply to Allen’s rev., by Wallace, entitled, “ Remarks by the reviewer.” (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 581, 10 cm.) Reply to McLachlan’s rev., by Wallace, en- titled, “ Did flowers exist....” (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 582, 10 cm.) Answer to Wallace’s reply to McLachlan, by McLachlan, entitled, “ Did flowers ex- ist....” (Nature, 1 May 1879, v. 20, p. 5-6, 14 cm.) Rey. of Wallace’s reply to McLachlan, en- titled, “Gab es schon wihrend...” (Kosmos [Leipzig], June 1879, bd. 5, p. 218-219, 42 em.) G: D. (1718) Wallace, Alfred Russel. Did flowers exist during the carboniferous epoch? (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 682, 10 cm.) Crit. rev., by R. McLachlan, with same title. (Nature, 1 May 1879, v. 20, p. 5-6, 14 cm.) Reyv., entitled, “Gab es schon wihrend der Steinkohlenzeit Schmetterlinge?” (Kosmos [Leipzig], June 1879, bd. 5, p. 218-219, 42 cm.) Places breyeria borinensis among the lepidoptera, con- trary to views expressed in R. McLachlan’s *‘ Did flowers exist ...’? (Nature, 17 April 1879, v. 19, p. 554) [Psycne, Rec., no. 1665]. G: D: G3) Wallace, Alfred Russel. Remarks by the reviewer. (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 581, 10 em.) Reply to G. Allen’s ‘‘ Colour in nature” (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 580-581) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1647]. Con- tains a few words on coloration of caterpillars. G: D. (1720) Waterhouse, C:0. Note on the locality and synonyms of stenotomis cornutor Fabr., coleo- ptera, lamiidue. (Annals and mag. nat. hist., May 1878, s. 5, v. 1, p. 424.) Gives s. cornutor, s. norrisi and s. maculata as synonyms. R. H. (i721) Williston, S: Wendell. Singular habit of a meloid beetle. (Amer. nat., Jan. 1879, v. 18, . 45. Lama stansburii found in great numbers, in Kansas, on decaying boues. G: D. (4122) Williston, S: Wendell. Some interesting new diptera. (Trans. Conn. acad., 1880, v. 4, p. 243-246. ) Separate, with half-+t-p. cover, [New Haven, author, 1880]. p. 248-246, 25 x 15, t 17.2 X 10.3. Describes rhynchocephalus sackenii, silvius pollinosus, chrysops discalis, from western North America. B: P.M. (1723) PSYCHE. 83 ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. NUMEROUS WELCOME responses have been re- ceived from persons who propose to present pa- pers at the annual meeting of the Fntomological Club of the A. A. A. 8. at Boston this year. Dr. J: L. LeConte’s pestifuge, or poisonous mixture for use with an atomizer in disinfecting insect cabinets can be obtained of Horace S. Bartlett, Cambridge, Mass., in any quantity, by applying for mixture no. 15,773. : Mr. E: P. Austin intends to publish a supple- ment to Crotch’s List of Coleoptera, containing the names of omitted or new species, with cur- rent numeros, in continuation of those used by Crotch. Tue PAppRs on fossil insects contributed by Mr. Goss to the last two volumes of the nto- mologist’s Monthly Magazine, of London, are to be collected in a pamphlet of about fifty pages, entitled, “ The Geological Antiquity of Insects.” These papers contain a mine of information, in a very convenient form. On THE 17th of Feb. 1880, some of the mem- bers of the Genootschap ter bevordering van Natuur-, Genees- en Heelkunde te Amsterdam assembled in the old French church in that place, at the grave of Johann Swammerdam, the famous Dutch naturalist, who died 17 Feb. 1880, two hundred years before. The president of the Genootschap, Professor B. J. Stokvis, announced the establishment of a Swammerdam-Medal, to be awarded every ten years to the naturalist who shall have accomplished most in the line in which Swammerdam worked. PETITIONS HAVE been presented to the Albany Legislature, now in session, for the appointment of an entomologist to the state of New York. Our friends would all rejoice at such a step. Dr. Fitch, we believe, was never more than entomol- ogist to the State Agricultural Society. The Empire State cultivates a great variety of ento- mological as well as other crops, and needs the services of such an expert to an unusual degree. Later. The mantle of Fitch could not have fallen more appropriately than in falling upon the shoulders of Joseph Albert Lintner of Al bany, who entered upon the duties of State En- tomologist of New York, 1 July 1880. SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 Follen St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following :— 8 Oct. 1880. 11 Mar. 1881. 12 Nov. ,, S Apri as; 10 Dec. ,, 18 May ,, 14 Jan. 1881. 10 June ,, hiehieb=,. B: Picxkman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 27 Oct. 1880. 23 Feb. 1881. 24 Nov. |,, 23 Mar. ,, 22 Dec. ,, Zi, play 26 Jan. 1881. 25 May ,, B: Pickman Many, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 8 Oct. 1880. 11 Mar. 1881. 12 Nov. ,, SANT. =55 10 Dec. ,, 18 May ,, 14 Jan. 1881. 10 June ,, ii ebs »,; James H. Ripines, Recorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at S. W.cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following : — 13 Dec. 1880. 13 June 1881. James H. Ripines, Recording Secretary. THE REGULAR monthly meetings of the Mon- treal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, will be held at Montreal, Que., Canada, on the days following : — 6 July 1880. 8 Aug. ,, 7 Sept. 1880. 5 Oct.. ,, G: H. Bowtgs, Secretary. PRIZE ESSAYS. Due 15 Ocr. 1882.—Life-histories of Sclero- stoma syngamus and of Strongilus pergracilis. See Psycue, v. 3, p. 59. 84 ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. BLANK INSECT LABELS. No, 1.—40 on a sheet. No. 2. —50 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to PROF. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (Postpain), M 6.50=$1.62. Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron y. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine : — “Tt is a complete repository of interesting and instruc- tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, observ- ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects ; of literary information and notices of books; and correspondence. In short, it has proved itself the special organ for the encouragement and progress of the Science of Entomology.”’ May be obtained of all booksellers; and from the publisher, A. DOSE, Pureus A. RUGEN, GERMANY. Back volumes may be had from the same, 1875 4 2.50 M; 1877 a3 M; 1878 a5 M; 1879 a 6.50 M. PSYCHE. {@- European exchanges and communica- tions will receive more immediate attention by being addressed to GEORGE Dimmock, Leipzig, Germany. LEPIDOPTERA. Living cocoons, pupae and ova of American lep- idoptera bought or exchanged for other species, by Monsieur ALFRED WAILLY, (Membre-Lauréat de la Société d’Acclimatation de France ), 110 Clapham Road, London, S. W., England. DIMMOCK’S SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES. No.1. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF JOHN L. LECONTE. Compiled by Samuel Henshaw. Edi- ted by George Dimmock. Noy. 1878. 11 p.t19X 12.5, Price, 30 cents; on 5 X 125 title-slips, $1.25. No, 2. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF GEORGE H. Horn. Compiled by Samuel Hen- shaw. Edited by George Dimmock. Jan. 1879. 6 p.t19X12.5. Price, 20 cents; on 5X 12.5 title- slips, 50 cents. No. 3. THE WRITINGS OF SAMUEL HUBBARD SCUD- DER. Compiled and edited by George Dimmock. Aug. 1879. 28p.t19X 12.5. Price 50 cents. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. FOR SALE. Pamphila Pontiac, Pamphila Dion, Anthocaris Olym- pia, Catocala insolabilis, and other lepidoptera. Address W. C. GALLAGHER, Whitings, Ind. FOR SALE. Single copies of PSYCHE. Price: 2 copies for 15 cts.; 4copies for 20 cts. Nos. 37, 38, 39-40, 47-48, 51- 52, 55-56, 60, 61-62 (no plate), 64, 65, 66, 67, 68. Address: Editors of PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. GALLS AND GALL INSECTS. The undersigned desires, either by exchange or otherwise, Galls from all parts of the United States. He is especially interested in those made by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Diptera. Correspondence in reference to Gall growths, or other vegetable abnormities, is invited. CHARLES V. RILEY, Washington, D, C. No. 73 was issued 9 July 1880. om. £03505 ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [ Established in 1874. | EDITED BY a GeorcGe Dimmock, Cambridge, Mass.; B: Picxman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. ; Axsert J: Coox, Lansing, Mich.; Ciirrorp CHasrt Eaton, Cambridge, Mass.; Josrerpn Duncan Putnam, Davenport, Iowa. Vol. 3. No. 75. JuLty 1880. CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS : 86 CHEMICAL CHANGE OF ERS oe IN oy eee Une Wee. dian Hare Fidwardé and Joseph Martin Wilson A 87 Nores ON PHOXOPTERIS ANGULIFASCIANA Wars _ Ohinsles Aenty Ber ald : 88 Proceepines or Societies— Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences, Philadelphia, Pa. 89 BisLioGRAPHICAL RECORD - * . : ° . ‘90-94 Enromo.tocicat Irems — Society Megines Lipties save - : - : “ 95 ADVERTISEMENTS . ° 2 : : : 5 ; 5 : 5 : ° 96 Campringe, Mass., U.S. A.: Pusiisnep sy Grorce Dimmock. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 15 c. [Entered as second class mail matter.| 86 PSYCHE. PSYCHE, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Sample copies, postpaid, . - A 10 cents. Yearly subseription, postpaid, . - > $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . . $3. Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips,) postpaid, . 6 d $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, 2 ° z e - F $3 One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper, postpaid, . , - $5 Twenty-five extra copies, without change of Jrom, to the author of any leading article, if ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. ka> Scientific publications desired in exchange. —_- ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH— STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. Ba= Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PsycHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates:— ; Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, ~ - $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . memos: -60 Quarter ‘“ ce aS 4 a JD 1.00 Half <i a Stay pace . 2.25 1.75 One wt * ue ‘ 5 eK) 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epirors or Psycue, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRieEDLANDER & Soun, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE. Klaeger’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no. 00-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-6, $1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in packages of 500; smaller lots, 20 cts. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 25 & 35 em., 45 cts. Light mailing boxes, 17 & 22 cm., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 30 X 8.5 & 0.5 em., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. : Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8 X 50 mim., 10 60 mm., 12 70 mm., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 cts. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 22 14 mm., 35 ets. per 1000; 2712 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of the under side of Lucanus cervus: each 50 ets. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Prckman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUTTERFLIES WANTED The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stages of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Entomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10 cents. E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. Dey CHE, CHEMICAL CHANGE OF COLORATION IN BUTTERFLIES’ WINGS. BY WILLIAM HENRY EDWARDS AND JOSEPH MARTIN WILSON. In Letters to the Editors of Psycne. In coloring a proof plate for the Butter- flies of N. A., the insect is enclosed in a tight shallow box, the flat sides of which are glass. When delivering the examples of Limenitis arthemis to the colorist, last summer, Mrs. Peart fastened in the box a bit of cotton on which was dropped a little undiluted carbolic acid (as sold by the druggists). When the colored plate was sent me for inspection, it appeared that a rich purple had been applied at every point which in the insect is metallic blue or green, and I wrote the colorist to ask for an explanation. She replied that she cop- ied the colors of the examples furnished her. Shortly afterward, I was in Phila- delphia, called on the colorist, and found that she was right. The insects were wholly changed wherever these two colors had been present, and I had to furnish other examples for copy. Of course I took care that no acid was now present. I brought the purple examples home, and several weeks later was surprised at finding that all trace of purple had passed away and the usual colors were restored. I should be pleased to see an explanation of this. W: H: Edwards. Coalburgh, W. Va., 50 April 1880. About the first of May you sent me the enclosed letter from W: H: Edwards, ask- jng for an explanation of the phenomenon described therein. At the Detroit meeting of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1875, Mr. George Dimmock read a paper which conclusively proved that the colors in.the wings of insects are pigments. It is also well known that cer- tain animal and vegetable coloring matters, eé. g., litmus, cochineal and others, are red or blue according to the character of the solution in which they are; that is, red in acid solution, blue in alkaline solution. My opinion is that the blue and green colors of the wings of L. arthemis are similarly af- fected ; experiments confirm this partly but not entirely, inasmuch as strong acids turn the colors reddish and alkalies partially but not entirely restore the blue color, so that there is possibly a decomposition of the coloring matter as well as a change in color effected by the acid. Carbolic being a comparatively weak acid, is more easily neutralized ; moreover, being volatile, its effects are more transient than those of the stronger acids. I was in hopes that I might isolate the 88 pigment from the examples furnished by you, but as it occurs in such minute quan- tities I was obliged to give up that idea, and to experiment on the entire wing ; this may account for my not being able to re- PSYCHE. store the blue color by means of alkalies. Yours truly, Joseph M. Wilson, S. B. Charlestown, Mass., 25 July 1880. NOTES ON PHOXOPTERIS ANGULIFASCIANA ZELL. a BY CHARLES HENRY FERNALD, ORONO, ME. On the 25d of May 1878, between one and two p. m., I saw a small Tortricid fluttering in a very peculiar manner over a patch of clover. Approaching nearer, so that I could observe more closely, I found that she was depositing her eggs on the leaves of the white clover (Zrifolium re- pens). She fluttered about on the upper side of the leaf for a little time, then standing over and in a line with the midrib, she de- posited an egg on the midrib, about one- third the distance from the end. In some cases only one egg was deposited on a leaf, in others, two; but in the latter case the second egg was deposited in the same man- ner as the first, but at a third of the dis- tance from the opposite end of the leaf. Having observed the manner of depositing the egg, I attempted to capture the fe- male, but failed to do so. I therefore took up the plants into a flower pot, taking them into the house where their trans- formations could be observed. The eggs were of an oval form, some- what flattened, so as to rise but little above the surface of the leaf. The length was 0.8 mm., width 0.6 mm., thickness about 0.4 mm. Color dull grayish white, transpar- ent at the edges; surface reticulated, as could be seen under a strong lens, with a play of colors. The moth was not easily disturbed while depositing her eggs, and readily distin- guished between the leaves of clover and sorrel, alighting several times on leaves of the latter, and as quickly flying off to an- other leaf, not stopping till she came to the leaves of clover. Being called away from home at this time, I did not learn the time required for the eggs to hatch, but on my return I found that the young larvae had hatched and were They drew the edges of the leaf- let up together, securing them with silk, feeding. and fed on the epidermis of the upper side of the leaflet, and on the parenchyma, leay- ing the epidermis of the lower side of the leaflet — now the outside of their domicil —jintact, while the excrements were de- posited in one end of the closed leaflet. After having eaten all the food furnished by one leaflet, they at once left for another, going down one leafstalk and up another. I did not have an opportunity to make a description of the larva at the time, but remember it as being dull glassy green. Early in July the moths emerged, and proved to be Phoxopteris angulifasciana Zell. PSYCHE. PSY CHE. JULY 1880. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. 7 For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad vertising columns. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. | Abstract from the Monthly proceedings. ] 10 Jan. 1879.—Dr. G: H: Horn exhibited a Callimorpha and a Heliconia from Costa Rica, which resembled each other so closely in form and color, “that either might haye been placed anong a number of specimens of the other, and, without a careful glance, would not be thought distinct.” As the group to which the Heliconia belongs is rarely or never attacked by birds, the mimicry belongs to the “protective” class. Dr. Horn gave reasons for thinking the idea of pro- tective resemblance had been pushed too far. — p. 2-3. 14 Fes. 1879.— Type specimens of Catocala editha and C. walshii were presented to the Amer- ican Entomological Society by the author, W: H: Edwards. ... A collection of 63 genera, 142 spe- cies of rhopalocera and 17 genera, 27 species of heterocera, collected by the late W. M. Gabb, in Costa Rica, was exhibited. — p. 3-4. 14 Marcu 1879. — Mr. E. T. Cresson described Parnopes edwardsii [see Proceedings for 9 May 1879, p. 10], a new species of chrysididae, from California ; the genus had not hitherto been found represented in North America. Mr. C: A. Blake described Mutilla gabbii n. sp., from Costa Rica. Mr. ©. T. Cresson announced the completion of his Catalog of North American apidae, enumer- ating 45 genera and 724 species, of which 113 species, principally from Mexico and the West Indies, are unknown to him; 601 species are 89 represented in the collection of the American Entomological Society, and 10 are in the collections of Belfrage and Gundlach. Mr. C: A. Blake stated that Catocala editha is the same as C. ama- trix ; he stated also that in the summer of 1878 a Papilio cresphontes was captured near Philadel- phia, where it very rarely occurs. Mr. E. T. Cresson announced the death of F: Smith, of the British Museum.— p. 4-6. 11 Apri 1879. — Mr. E. T. Cresson described Euparagia scutellaris, a n. g. and sp. of vespidae, from Nevada, belonging probably to the tribe masarinae ; and read descriptions of Trigonalys mexicanus, T. laeviceps and T. nevadensis, three new species, the former two from Mexico, and the last from Nevada. Dr. G: H: Horn reviewed the family mycteridae, advocating its union with melandryidae on the one hand and with pythidae on the other, and insisting on the greater im- portance of the sexual characters as the true means of specific distinction in the genera Myc- terus and Lacconotus. — p. 6-8. 9 May 1879. — Mr. C: A. Blake described Pam- phila dukolum n. sp., from Costa Rica; Mr. E. T. Cresson described Oryssus occidentalis and Cleptes americana, from Colorado and Nevada, Oryssus mexicanus from Mexico, and Cleptes purpurata from Vancouver’s Island, four new species. Rey. H: C. McCook exhibited under the microscope thin sections of the mandibles of Pogonomyrmex barbatus, the agricultural ant of Texas, showing the loss of substance by wear on the sharp edges of the teeth. The same fact was also illustrated in the mandibles of Pasimachus and of other coleoptera, as well as in other members of the body exposed to wear. [See Psyche advertiser, May-June 1879, p. 9.] (To be continued.) REVIEW. Insect LIVES, or Born in prison, by Mrs. Julia P. Ballard, [see Rec., no. 1725] is a very attract- ively written account of the author’s experiences in raising a few butterflies and moths, and is well designed to interest children, or indeed older per- sons, in the subject, though in some particulars beyond the comprehension of children. It has the merit of accuracy and clearness, and is full of a delightful suggestiveness of the treasures in store for the young explorer who is led by it to try her own experiments. Bz PLM. PSYCHE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets [|], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. rectly from the work that is noticed. Unless otherwise stated each record is made di- Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. American aphides. (Nature, 24 April 1879, vy. 19, p. 585, 6 cm.) Brief rev. of C: V. Riley and Joseph Monell’s “‘ Notes on the aphididae of the U. S.,...’’ (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. sury. terr., 1879, v. 5, p. 1-32) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1785]. G: D. (1724) Ballard, Julia Perkins [Pratt], wife of Addi- son. Insect lives, or Born in prison. Cincin- nati, Robert Clarke & Co., 1879, 97 p., 19 X 15, t 13.2 X 10.1, il. el., $1.00. Notice. (Publishers’ weekly, Oct. 1879, no. 406, v. 16, no. 17,...) (Title-slip registry, Oct. [Nov.] 1879, v. 1, no. 10, p. 96.) Notice. (Boston w. advert., 13 Noy. 1879, v. 69, no. 48, p. 2, col. 84, 4 cm.) Rey. (Amer. nat., Dec. 1879, v. 18, p. 774.) Rey. (Nation, 11 Dec. 1879, v. 29, p. 408, 5 cm.) Rey. (Atlantic monthly, Jan. 1880, v. 45, p. 128, 9 cm.) Notice. (Cincinnati times, .. .) [Advert.] 4 p., 24 x 16, t 17.3 x 9.8. Rey. (Psyche, July [Oct.] 1880, v. 3, p. 89.) Statement of the author’s experiences in raising a few butterflies and moths, so told as to interest and instruct beginners in doing likewise. Information attractively given and accurate. The advertisement contains a preface, as it were, to the book, a commendatory notice by W: H: Ed- wards, and a reprint of the notice given in the Cincinnati times. B: P.M. (1725) Brooklyn [N. Y.] entomological society. Bulletin [Prospectus of]. (Bull. Brooklyn entom. soc., May 1878, [y. 1], p. 1.) B: P.M. (1726) Early types of insects (The). (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 584, 5 cm.) Notice of S: H. Scudder’s ‘‘ The early types of insects ; .”? (Mem. Bost. soc. nat. hist., March 1879, v. 3, p. 13- 21) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1789]. G: D. (1727) Edwards, W: H: On the lepidoptera collected by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., in Montana, during 1874. (Bull. U. S. geol. and geog. sury. terr., May 1878, v. 4, no. 2, p. 513-517.) List of 22 species of rhopalocera, with notes on distribu- tion. Colias eriphyle and argynnis clio described as new species. B: P. M. (1728) Grey, D: Climbing Ute mountain. ([Chicago, Ill.| d. interocean, 25 Aug. 1875, . . . 95 cm.) Briefly describes an Ute Indian mother catching and eat- ing pediculus from her child’s head. G: D. (1729) Grote, A: Radcliffe. Descriptions of noctui- dae, chiefly from California. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. surv. terr., 1878, v. 4, no. 1, p. 169- 187.) Describes the following 1 n. g. and 37 n. sp.: apatela pallidicoma, 18 sp. of agrotis, 4sp. of hadena, dryobota opina, arzama diffusa, ufeus unicolor, graphiphora contrahens, lithophane lepida Lintn., rylomiges tabulata, tarache semi- opaca, annaphila divinula, melivotis stygialis, poaphila placata, p. irrorata, zanclognatha minimalis, dercetis (n. g., types: d. vitrea and d. pygmaea), d. vitrea, d. pygmaea ; describes zotheca tranquilla var. viridula n. var. ; notes on other genera and species; list of the 11 N. A. species of glaea and of 9 species of annaphila. B: P.M. (1730) Grote, A: Radcliffe. Preliminary studies on the North American pyralidae. 1. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. surv. terr., July 1878, v. 4, no. 3, p. 669-705, fig. 1-14.) Describes as new genera and species : prorasea simalis, aedis funalis, honora mellinella, dakruma turbatella; de- scribes as new species: stemmatophora nicalis, emprepes nuchalis, scoparia libella, botis albiceralis, b. talis, acroba- sis tricolorella, pempelia pravella, pinipestis ? abietivorella ; describes and figures the neuration of the genera epipa- schia, mochlocera, cacozelia, toripalpus, tetralopha, acro- basis, pempelia, salebria, nephopteryx, pinipestis, honora, dakruma, homeosoma, anerastia, and species of each; de- scribes the genera arta, condylolomia and melanomma, and species of each, and two species of asopia ; annotated list of the 66 N. A. species of botis known to the author ; charac- ter of the groups epipaschiae and phycidae ; provisional list of the species of phycidae. B: P.M. (1781) Habits of ants. (Amer. nat., Aug. 1879, v. 13, p. 525-527.) Observations by J: Lubbock on the hairs of plants asa means of preventing ants going up the stems, on fertile worker ants, on longevity of ants and population of their nests, on recognition of friends and production of sounds by ants, on their kind treatment of other ants; by H: C. McCook on blunting of ants’ mandibles by labor. G: D. (1782) [Habits of ants.] Sitten der Ameisen (Die). (Kosmos [Leipzig], Jan. 1880, bd. 6, p. 304 313, 339 cm.) Reviews late discoveries on the habits of ants, especially those of Lubbock. Mostly tr. from Revue scientifique, 19 July 1879. G: D. (A734) Harrison, Mrs. L. All for boys. (Prairie farmer, 5 June 1880, v. 51, no. 23, p. 179, col. 4, 21 cm.) Catching and establishing colonies of runaway bees. J.D. P. (1735) PSYCHE. Hyatt, J.D. A method of making sections of insects and their appendages. (Amer. m. micros. journ., Jan. 1880, vy. 1, p. 8, 21 em.) Imbedding in shellac. G: D. (1736) Infection from mosquitos. (Science, 3 July 1880, v. 1, no. 1, p. 10, 5 cm.) “Mosquitos carry jilaria in their probosces, and infect the human subject with that much dreaded worm parasite.” B: P.M. (41737) Isenschmidt, Moritz, [Biog. sketch], see Perry, M., Mor- itz Isenschmidt, . . . [PsycHe, Rec., no. 1782]. See also, Psyche advertiser, March 1879, p. 8-9. Kaempfer, F: Insect pins and cork, |etc.]. (Bull. Brooklyn entom. soc., 1878 [v. 1], p. 8, 12, 24, 32, 40, 51, 60.) Advertisement. B: P. M. (1788) Kampfmuller, W. Breeding cages for in- sects, [ete.]. (Bull. Brooklyn entom. soc., 1878 [v. 1], p. 24, 82, 40, 51, 60, 68, 76, 84.) Advertisement. B: P.M. (1789) Kampfmuller, W. Japanned breeding cages for coleoptera, [etc.]. (Bull. Brooklyn entom. soc., 1878 [v. 1], p. 8, 12.) Advertisement. B: P.M. (1740) Karsch, Ferd. Zur Kenntniss der Galeodiden- (Archiy. f. Naturgeschichte, 1880, jahrg. 46, bd. 1, p. 228-245, fig. 1-25 of pl. 10.) Discussion of classification; describes new genera and species. G: D. (1741) Karsch, Ferd. Zur Kenntniss der Tarantuli- den. (Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1880, jahrg. 46, bd. 1, p. 244-249, fig. 26 of pl. 10.) Discussion of nomenclature. G: D. (1742) pE Lafitte, P. [Extrait de] L’euf d’hiver du phylloxera aux Congres viticole de Nimes. (Comptes rendus, 15 Dec. 1879, v. 89, p. 1029.) G: D. (1743) LeConte, J: Lawrence. The coleoptera of the alpine regions of the Rocky Mountains. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. surv. terr., 1878, v. 4, no. 2, p. 447-480.) Specification of the peculiarly favorable opportunities presented by the elevated interior region of North America for the study of questions connected with geographical dis- tribution of animals and plants; describes the following 1 n. g. and 42 n. sp.: 5 sp. of nebria, pterostichus (cryobius) surgens, platynus jejunus, amara (curtonotus) cylindrica, harpalus clandestinus, bembidium bowditchii, b. scudderi, hydroporus congruus, gaurodytes nanus, geodromicus ovi- pennis, orobanus (n. g. |staphylinidae], type : 0. simulator), 0. simulator, scymnus nigripennis, 15 sp. of aphodius, an- thaxia deleta, chrysobothris carinipennis, corymbites planu- lus, podabrus brevipennis, melyris atra, m. flavipes, crossi- dius allgewahri, neoclytus ascendens, glyptoscelis longior, chrysomela montivagans, magdalis alutacea ; synoptic table of the 4 sp. of platynus subg. rhadine ; notes on other spe- cies; lists and distribution of the (more than 200) coleo- ptera collected by F: C. Bowditch at an elevation of 1800 metres and upwards, about 30 of which species are peculiar to the mountain region. List of (150) coleoptera collected at Atlanta, Idaho (2400 M.), by L. Allgewahr. Synoptic table to supplement that given by Horn in Zrans. amer. en- tom. soc., 1870, v. 3, p. 98, for determining the N. A. species of nebria; synoptic tables to exhibit the relations of the N. A. species of nebria; geographical distribution of the several N. A. groups of nebria. B: P.M. (1744) [1736-1755] 91 Lichtenstein, Jules. Résistance des puce- rons aux froids rigoureux. (Comptes rendus, 12 Jan. 1880, v. 90, p. 80-81.) Abstract, entitled, “On the resistance of aphides to severe cold.” (Annals and mag. nat. hist., April 1880, s. 5, v. 5, p. 344-345.) G: D. (1745) Lichtenstein, Jules. On the resistance of aphides to severe cold. (Annals and mag. nat. hist., April 1880, s. 5, v. 5, p. 344-345.) Abstract of J. Lichtenstein’s ‘“‘Résistance des pucerons aux froids rigoureux’’ (Comptes rendus, 12 Jan. 1880, v. 90, p. 80-81) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1745.] G: D. (1746) Lichtenstein, Jules, see [Lytta vesicatoria] [Psycue, Ree., no. 1751.] Lienard, Valére. Recherches sur le systeme nerveux des arthropodes. Constitution de Yanneau cesophagien. (Archives de biologie, 1880, v. 1, p. 381.) The suboesophagean commissure, which has hitherto been considered special to the crustacea, is found in insects and myriapods. A, R. (1747) [Locust swarms in Russia, India and Armenia.] (Amer. nat., Sept. 1879, v. 13, p. 600.) G: D. (1748) Loman, J.C. C. Beitrige zur Kenntnis des anatomischen Baues der Geschlechtsorgane bei den Phalangiden. (Zool. Anzeiger, 23 Feb. 1880, jahrg. 3, p. 90-92.) Summary of results obtained by study of phalangium cornutum, p. urnigerum, p. parietinum, and leobunus rotun- dus. G: D. (1749) London purple. (Rural new yorker, 5 June 1880, v. 59, no. 23, p. 364, col. 3, 2 cm.) Experience in the use of London purple in killing beetles ; proportions of purple and plaster necessary to be effectual. J.D. P. (1750) [Lytta vesicatoria.] Die Entwickelungs- geschichte des Spanischfliegen-Kifers. (Kos- mos [Leipzig], Aug. 1879, bd. 5, p. 387-389, 65 cm.) Germ. tr. of a paper by J. Lichtenstein (‘‘ Rev. inter- nationale des sciences, Juin 1879”). Describes rearing of l. vesicatoria under artificial conditions. G: D. (1751) McCracken, W. Bee enemies in Texas. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 355.) Among the enemies are mentioned spiders, ants, bee- moths, horned lizards, and toads. A.J: C. (1752) Macloskie, G: The proboscis of the house- fly. (Amer. nat., March 1880, v. 14, p. 153- 161, 3 fig.) Structure, functions, and homology of the parts of the proboscis of musca domestica. Homologizes the ‘‘ pharynx” or fulcrum of the proboscis of diptera with the endocranium of other insects. G: D. (1753) Mandibles of ants worn blunt by use. (Amer. nat., Sept. 1879, v. 18, p. 596.) From Psyche advertiser, May-June 1879, p. 9. G: D. (1754) March of the army worm (The). (Boston d. advert., 16 June 1880, no. 22404, y. 135, no. 145, p. [2], col. 2, 15 em.) Regions devastated by leucania unipuncta. B: P.M. (1755) 92 [1756-1774] Maynard, C:J. A new species of butterfly from Florida. (Amer. nat., March 1873, v. 7, p. 177-178.) Notes on butterflies of Florida; describes lycaena mo- desta. : (1756) Minot, C: Sedgwick. A sketch of comparative embryology. (Amer. nat., April 1880, v. 14, p. 242-249, 6 fig.) Figure from Bobretzky [p. 247] to illustrate mode of segmentation of egg of pierts crataegi. G: D. (AT57) Mole, a plea for the. (Rural new yorker, 12 June 1880, v. 39, no. 24, p. 377, col. 1-2, 35 em.) The mole [¢alpa] stated to be more useful than injurious, by destroying noxious insects. J. D. P. - (1758) Monell, Joseph, see Ritey, C: V. and J. Monet, Notes on the aphididae of the United States, ... [Psycue, Rec., no. : Morehouse, G. W. The structure of the scales of lepisma saccharina. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1873, v. 7, p. 666-669.) G: D. (1759) Mosquitoes. Interesting information for Florida colonists ; some tall stories. ([N. Y. w.| sun, 10 Sept. 1879, v. 44, no. 2276, p. 2, col. 6, 13 cm.) Intolerable attacks of mosquitoes [ewlex?], unless the insects are kept away by netting or smoke. B: P. M. (1760) Miiller, Albert. Moritz Isenschmid’s Zusitze zu “ Kaltenbach, Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten,” Stuttgart, 1874, 8°., mit den Belegstiicken seiner Sammlung, Nat. Mus. Bern, verglichen und hrsg. von Albert Miiller. (Mitth. Schweiz. entom. Gesells., 1880, v. 5, no. 10, p. 575-576.) Separate, Bern, 20 Feb. 1880, p. 575-576, 24 MAb EL xX 10S: List of 37 coleoptera found on 19 plants. B: P.M. (1761) Miiller, Fritz. Lpicalia acontius. Ein unglei- ches Ehepaar. (Kosmos [Leipzig], Jan. 1879, bd. 4, p. 285-292, 272 cm., fig. 1-6.) Discusses sexual dim orphism. G: D. (1762) Miiller, Fritz. Jiuna und thyridia. Ein merk- wiirdiges Beispeil von Mimicry bei Schmetter- lingen. (Kosmos [Leipzig], May 1879, bd. 5, p. 100-108, 510 cm., 4 fig.) Figures wings of two Brazilian butterflies, ituna ilione nd thyridia megisto, which mimic each other closely ; dis- sion of mimicry in lepidoptera. + (1763) Miiller, Fritz and Hermann Miiller. Phryg- aniden-Studien. (Kosmos [Leipzig], Feb. 1879, bd. 4, p. 386-396, 400 em., 3 il.) Comparison of the lepidoptera and the phryganidae, Cwith a view to their ancestral relationship. Brazilian phryg- anid-larvae which live in the tops of trees in the water col- lected by the leaves of bromeliaceous plants. Larval cases, or ‘grumicha,”’ of a Brazilian phryganid. Comparison of larval cases of phryganids with those of lepidoptera. G: (1764) PSYCHE. Miiller, Fritz. Schiitzende Firbung und die Farbenempfindung der Thiere. (Kosmos | Leip- zig|, April 1879, bd. 5, p. 62-63, 42 cm.) Protective coloration shows that some animals can dis- tinguish color. G: D. (1765) Muller, Hermann, see Mutier,Fritz and Hermann MULLER, Phryganiden-Studien [Psycue, Rec., no. 1764]. Miller, Hermann. In Blumen gefangene Fal- ter. — Fleischfressende Honigbienen. (Kos- mos |Leipzig|, Oct-Dec. 1879, bd. 6, p. 225- 226, 53 cm.) Quotes a letter from A. S. Packard, j7., concerning cap- ture of insects by physianthus albens, and comments upon the subject. G: D. (1766) Miller, Hermann. Hesperiden-Blumen Bra- siliens. (Kosmos [Leipzig], March 1879, bd. 4, p. 481-482, 18 cm.) Observations recorded by Fritz Miller seem to support the idea that the blue and violet flowers-may be especially often fertilized by crepuscular insects, since blue and violet are especially distinct by twilight. G: D. (1767) Miiller, Hermann. Ein Kifer mit Schmetter- lingsriissel. (Kosmos [Leipzig], Jan. 1880, bd. 6, p. 302-804, 79 cm., il.) Figures a nemognatha from Brazil, and its mouth-parts, in which the maxillae are modified to form a hollow probos- cis; compares this modification with the mouth-parts of n. chrysomelina from France. G: D. (1768) Miiller, Hermann. Koelreuter und Sprengel. (Kosmos [Leipzig], Aug. 1879, bd. 5, p. 402— 404, 78 cm.) Contains notes on the history of the knowledge of fer- tilization of flowers by insects. G: D. (1769) Miiller, Hermann. Schiitzende Aenlichkeit einheimischer Insekten. (Kosmos [Leipzig], Oct.—Dec. 1879, bd. 6, p. 29-39, 114-124, 800 em., 5 fig.) Discusses mimicry. Figures calocampa exoleta, larva of eugonia alniaria, pupal cases of cionus scrophulariae and the seed-capsules of scrophularia nodosa, brood-cells of anthidium strigatum, and larva of stauropus fagi. G: D. (1770) Muth,C: F. Foul-brood,its cure. (Amer. bee journ., 1879, v. 15, p. 502.) The salicylic acid cure is described. A.J: @. (1771) New French silk (A). (Science advocate [Atco, N. J.], Jan. 1880, v. 1, no. 1, [p. 4], col. 1-2, 16 cm.) On attacus cynthia. G: D. (A772) |New York microscopical society, Proceedings of.]| (Amer. m. micros. journ., Jan. 1880, v. 1, p. 19, 5 em.) Notice of address given before the society, 17 Oct. 1879, by J. D. Hyatt, on ‘‘ The mechanism of insect-stings.” G: D. (1773) Noel, Paul. Amélioration du vase au cyanure. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, June 1880, an. 10, p. 107.) A contrivance by which the potassic cyanide [KCN] in a collecting-tube is kept in slow decomposition by the vapor of vinegar. G: D. (1774) PSYCHE. Nylander, W. De l’ouie chez les anobium. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, May 1880, an. 10, p. 92-93.) Delicate hearing of anobium and the mode in which the beetle makes its rapping noise. G: D. (1775) Osborn, Herbert. <A destructive borer. (Col- lege quart., May 1880, v. 3, no. 1, p. 12, col. 1- 2,24 cm.) (Western stock journ. and farmer, June 1880, v. 10, no. 6, p. 125, col. 1-2, 32 cm.) Description and figure of a large caterpillar found among chips of red oak, and supposed to be xyleutes robiniae, Peck. J.D. P. (1776) Osborn, Herbert. [Habits of /achnosterna fusca. | (College quart., May 1880, v.3, no. 1, p. 13, col. 2,1 cm.) (Western stock journ. and farmer, June 1880, vy. 10, no. 6, p. 125, col. 2, 9 em.) Jee. VINT) Osborn, Herbert. [Trochilium denutatum de- structive to ash trees, fraxinus.| (College quart., May 1880, v. 3, no. 1, p. 14, col. 2,3 cm.) JaD..P. (778) Paaren, N.H. Scab in sheep. (Prairie far- mer, 5 June 1880, v. 51, no. 23, p. 181, col. 3-4, 37 cm.) Scab in sheep caused by acari; methods of treatment. J.D. P. (1779) Packard, Alpheus Spring, jr. A poisonous centipede. (Amer. nat., Aug. 1879, v. 13, p. 527.) Abstract. (Science advocate [Atco, N. J.|, Jan. 1880, v. 1, no. 1, [p. 4,] col. 2, 4 em.) Notes cermatia forceps from Providence, R. I. G: D. (1780) The Rocky (Amer. nat., Packard, Alpheus Spring, jr. Mountain locust in New Mexico. Sept. 1879, v. 15, p. 586.) Northern half of New Mexico and probably northern Arizona are subject to occasional invasions of caloptenus spretus ; dates of several invasions. G: D. (1781) Perty, Maximilian. Moritz Isenschmidt, Nek- rolog. (Abhandlungen d. naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern aus d. J. 1878, 1879, p. 187-193.) M. Isenschmidt was b. 5 Nov. 1850 in Konitz, near Bern, Switzerland ; d. 21 Oct. 1878, in Bern. G: D. (1782) [Poletajew, N.] Die Flugmuskeln der Lep- idopteren und Libelluliden. (Zool. Anzeiger, 3 May 1880, jahrg. 3, p. 212-213.) Abstract of a paper by N. Poletajew before the zoological section of the sixth assembly of Russian naturalists and physicians. G: D. (1783) Ravages of the army worm. (Boston d. ad- vert., 29 June 1880, no. 22415, v. 135, no. 156, p- 1, col. 67,3 em.) Invasion of Portsmouth, N. H., and vicinity by Jeuca- nia unipuncta ; ‘in farming districts ditching proves to be the only effectual means of staying their progress.’ B: P.M. (1784) [1775-1788] 93 Riley, C: Valentine and Joseph Monell. Notes on the aphididae of the United States, with descriptions of species occurring west of the Mississippi. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. sury. terr., 28 Feb. 1879, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-32.) Rey., entitled, “American aphides.” (Na- ture, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 585, 6 cm.) Part 1, p. 1-17. Biological notes on the pemphiginae, with descriptions of new species, by Riley. ‘* Full account ot? schizoneura americana n. sp. and colopha ulmicola, ‘‘with less complete accounts of” hormaphis spinosus, pemphigus populimonilis n. sp., p. populitransversus Ni. Sp-, p. populiramulorum un. sp., p. acerifolii n. sp., p. fraxini- Jolii n. sp. Part 2, p. 18-32. Notes on aphidinae, with descriptions of new species, by Monell. Describes 9 new species of siphonophora, 5 of aphis, 2 of rhopalosiphum, 9 of callipte- rus, 3 of chaitophorus, other species of these genera and of drepanosiphum and the genera themselves, with synoptic tables for distinguishing some of the species. B: P.M. (1785) Schaupp, Frank G: ‘[Coleoptera wanted.] (Bull. Brooklyn entom. soc., May 1878 [v. 1], e183) List of 7 cicindela, 3 nomaretus, 10 cychrus which the author wishes to obtain by purchase or exchange. idee ee Maa @ Wi-Is)) Schindler, Emil. Beitrige zur Kenntniss der Malpighi’schen Gefasse der Insecten. Inaug- uraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doctor- wiirde vorgelegt der hohen philosophischen Facultit der Universitit Leipzig. Mit 5 Tafeln und 1 Hoizschnitt. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1878. t.-p. cover + 76 [+ 1] p., pl. 388-40. 24 Mlb tals 1057. From the Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., v.30, heft 4. General ; historical ; minute and grosser anatomy of the malpighian vessels in the different orders of insects; final remarks in which the view that the malpighian vessels are urinary or- gans is defended, and their surface in relation to the weight of the body of the insect is discussed. Figures the mal- pighian vessels or their parts, in lepisma saccharina, peri- planeta europaea, p. orientalis, mantis religiosa, gryllotalpa vulgaris,acheta campestris, decticus, perla bicaudata, ephem- era vulgata, phryganea flavicornis, dromius, cryptocephalus sericeus, rhagonica fulva, melolontha vulgaris, tenebrio mo- litor, geotrupes sylvestris, lophyrus pini, ophion, tettigonia ’ viridis, haltica nemorum, formica rufa, lygaeus equestris, culex pipiens, eristalis tenax, é. floreus, sarcophaga carnaria, papilio machaon, cossus ligniperda, pontia brassicae, larva of euprepia, hyponomeuta evonymella, euprepia caja, and sphinx convolvuli. G: D. (A787) Scudder, S: Hubbard. An account of some insects of unusual interest from the tertiary rocks of Colorado and Wyoming. (Bull. U. S. geol. and geog. surv. terr., May 1878, v. 4, no. 2, p. 519-545.) Separate, with t.p. cover, Wash., 5 May 1878, p. 519-545, 25 « 15, t 19 & 11.2. Notice. (Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, ... G. Leon- hard und H. B. Geinitz, 1878, p. 970.) Describes the following genera and species, all new ex- cept the phryganid genus indusia: prodryas persephone [nymphal et palembolus florigerus |hirmoneuridae], pa- rolamia rudis [cerambycidae), petrolystra gigantea Laphro- phorina), p. heros, lithymnetes guttatus ( phyllophoridcae], dysagrion fredericii (agrionina], egg-masses of corydalites Jecundum [sialina], holcorpa maculosa | panorpidae], larva- cases of indusia calculosa. B: P.M. (1788) 94 [1789-1804] Scudder, S: Hubbard. The early types of in- sects: or the origin and sequence of insect life in palaeozoic times. (Mem. Bost. soc. nat. hist., March 1879, v. 3, p. 13-21.) Abstract. (Science news, 15 Noy. 1878, v. 1, p. 22-28.) Notice. (Sci. amer., 23 Nov. 1878, v. 39, p. 330.) Abstract. (Amer. journ. sci. and arts, Jan. 1879, s. 3, v. 17, p. 72-74.) Germ. tr. of the abstract in Amer. journ. sci. and arts, under the title “Die Urtypen der Insekten.” (Kosmos [Leipzig], April 1879, bd. 5, p. 61-62, 51 em.) Notice, entitled, “ The early types of insects.” (Nature, 24 April 1879, v. 19, p. 584, 5 cm.) General considerations drawn from a study of palaeozoic insects. Abstracts were published before the memoir. G: D. (1789) Scudder, S: Hubbard. The fossil insects of the Green River shales. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. sury. terr., Dec. 1878, v. 4, no. 4, p. 747- 776.) Separate, with t-p. cover, Wash., 1878 |2 Jan. 1879], 29 p., 23 X 15, t 19 x 11.2. Notice. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1879, v. 13, p. 132.) Describes as new genera: stenocinclis [asilidae], polio- myia [myopidae], lithopsis [fulgoridae]; describes 4 hy- menoptera, 16 diptera, 24 coleoptera, 15 heteroptera, 7 hom- optera, 1 orthopteron, 2 pseudoneuroptera, 3 arachnida, 1 myriapod, with notes on others. ‘BoP Me. (E790) [Squash-bugs, coreus tristis, destroyed by soot, ashes or dust sprinkled on the vines while moist.] (Western stock journ. and farmer, June 1880, v. 10, no. 6, p. 124, col. 4, 2 em.) J.D. P. (1791) Thomas, Cyrus. On the orthoptera collected by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., in Dakota and Montana, during 1873-74. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. sury. terr., May 1878, v. 4, no. 2, p. 481-501.) List of 25 species of acrididae, locustidae, and gryllidae found near the boundary line between the U. 8. and Can- ada; classificatory and other notes, and especially a note (p. 485-501) on calopienus spretus, its breeding places, mi- grations, ravages, and means against it. B: P.M. (1792) Trelease, W: Carnivorous habits of bees. (Amer. nat., May 1880, v. 14, p. 363.) Cites references upon the above subject. G: D. (1793) Trelease, W: On the fertilization of symplo- carpus foetidus. (Amer. nat., Sept. 1879, v. 13, p. 580-581.) Regards apis mellifica the chief agent in the fertilization of the skunk cabbage ; notes ips fasciatus and other insects in the spathes. G: D. (1794) bE Troostembergh, Max. Longévité chez les insectes. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, May 1880, an. 10, p. 93.) Specimens of limonius lived 50 days without nourish- ment, glued upon a tablet, and in air saturated with naph- thalin. G: D, (1795) PSYCHE. Turner, H: elostoma {corr.| piscivorous. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1879, v. 13, p. 710-711.) Belostoma kills gasterosteus and sucks its blood. G: D. (1796) Uhler, Philip Reese. On the hemiptera col- lected by Dr. Elliott Coues, U.S. A.,in Dakota and Montana, during 1873-74. (Bull. U.S. geol. and geog. sury. terr., May 1878, v. 4, no. 2, p. 603-512.) List of 59 species, with localities ; jassus twiningi and deltocephalus configuratus described as new species. B: P.M. (A797) Uhler, Philip Reese. Ona remarkable wasp’s nest found ina stump,in Maryland. (Amer. nat., Nov. 1873, v. 7, p. 678-679.) Reprint. (Proce. Amer. assoc. advance. s¢i., 1875 [1874], v. 22, pt. 32-34.) Review, by C: V. Riley, entitled, “The hab- its of polistes and pelopacus” [sic]. (Amer. nat., 1874, v. 8, p. 229-231.) Description of the clay nest of a species of polistes [?], and the process of its construction. G: D. (1798) Urtypen der Insekten (Die). (Kosmos [Leip- zig|, April 1879, bd. 5, p. 61-62, 51 cm.) Germ. transl. of an abstract (Amer. journ. sci. and arts, 1879, s. 3, v. 17, p. 72-74) of S: H. Seudder’s ‘‘ The early types of insects: ...’? (Mem. Bost. soc. nat. hist., 1579, v. 3, p. 13-21) [Psycue, Rec., no. 1789]. G: D. (4799) Useful and destructive insects. (Journ. ap- plied sci., April 1880, v. 11, p. 60, 11 cm.) Subjects for discussion at the exhibition of the Central Agricultural and Entomological Society of France. (1800) G: D. Vogel, Friedrich Wilhelm. Die Honigbiene und die Vermehrung der Bienenvolker nach den Gesetzen der Wahlzucht sowie vollstan- dige Anleitung zur rationell-naturgemassen und eintraglichen Pflege der Biene in Korben, Beuten und Dzierzon’schen Wohnungen. Mit 135... Holzschnitten. Mannheim, J. Schnei- der, 1880. t.-p. cover-++ 10-+ 409 p., 25 X 16, £6 Scull. SM: An illustrated general work on apiculture. Part i, the hive ; ii, the establishment of the bee-household ; iii, se- lective breeding in general ; iv, practical bee-raising. G: D. (1801) Warbles in cattle. (Rural new yorker, 12 June 1880, v. 39, no. 24, p. 379, col. 3, 10 cm.) Tumors caused by oestrus bovis ; remedy. J.D. P. (1802) Ward, Lester F. Sexual differentiation in epiguea repens. (Amer. nat., March 1880, v. 14, p. 198-200.) Epigaea probably fertilized by ants. What it costs to feed insects. (Sci. amer., 17 March 1877, v. 36, p. 160, col. 2, 33 cm.) Statistics from Packard, Riley and others. Advocates salaried state and national entomologists, a weekly ento- mological bulletin, and reports upon insect migrations and related topics by the Weather Signal Bureau. [Title cited in Psycue, Rec., no. 865c.] G: D. (1804) G: D. (1803) PSYCHE. ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. Srr J: Lussocx has received specimens of Australian ants which have a very much dis. tended abdomen, so that the ant serves as an animated honey-pot. Tue mystery of Prosopistoma punctifrons is solved. Dr. Joly and Mr. Vayssiere have reared it and find that it is an ephemerid, as has been supposed. It has also been supposed to be a crustacean, and again to be the larva of a parnid beetle. Tue Micnuiean State Pomological Society has, at the suggestion of Prof. A. J. Cook, offered two prizes, the first of fifty dollars, and the second of twenty-five, to be given to the neighborhood that shows most skill, thoroughness, and secures best results in destroying the coddling moth. — Amer. naturalist, June 1880, v. 14, p. 470. AUTHORS wHo desire to enlarge any numero of Psycue in order to accommodate longer arti- cles by them than are regularly accepted by the editors for publication, can do so at a cost of $6.50 for each 4 pages of Long-Primer reading matter, or fraction thereof. This offer is in no way intended to extend admission to articles of a nature unsuitable for publication in Psycue, such as descriptions of new species, or lists of insects from special localities. M. Pau Noeu describes two modes of collect- ing coleoptera in the May numero of the Feuille des jeunes naturalistes. To capture some of the carabidae he strews earthworms, cut in small pieces, about loose rocks or boards near moist roads. After the beetles have eaten their fill, during the night, they secrete themselves under the boards or rocks, where they may be easily collected the next morning. To capture Geotru- pes and staphylinidae M. Noel puts the excre- ment in which they live in a tub of water, and, after thorough stirring, the beetles float to the top, while the refuse mostly sinks. The beetles can be easily gathered from the surface with a sieve, a few grams of ether having been added to the water, if they are so numerous as to be liable to escape. This mode of collecting will be applicable to insects not mentioned by M. Noel, e. g., to beetles in bark and fungus, by using forced submersion. SOCIETY MEETINGS. THE REGULAR meetings of the Cambridge En- tomological Club will be held at 19 Follen St., at 7.45 p. m., on the days following : — 8 Oct. 1880. 11 Mar. 1881. 12 Nov. ,, 8 Apr. ,, 10 Dec. ,, 138 May ,, 14 Jan. 1881. 10 June ,, ti Reb. 5, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Boston Society of Natural History will be held at N. W. corner of Berkeley and Boylston Sts., Boston, Mass., at 7.45 p.m., on the days following : — 27 Oct. 1880. 23 Feb. 1881. 24 Nov. ,, 23 Mar. ,, 22 Dee. ,, Plc ADEs 55 26 Jan. 1881. 25 May ,, B: Pickman Mann, Secretary. THE REGULAR meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, Pa., will be held at S. W. corner of 19th and Race Sts., on the days following : — 8 Oct. 1880. 11 Mar. 1881. 12 Nov. ,, SvApIa | 5s 10 Dec. ,, 138 May ,, 14 Jan. 1881. 10 June ,, Li Feb: 5; James H. Ripinas, Jecorder. THE SEMI-ANNUAL meetings of the American Entomological Society will be held at S. W. cor- ner of 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., on the days following : — 13 Dee. 1880. 13 June 1881. James H. Ripines, Recording Secretary. THE REGULAR monthly meetings of the Mon- treal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, will be held at Montreal, Que., Canada, on the days following : — 7 Sept. 1880. 4 Jan.1881. aOct, 1 Feb. ,, ZENOVA. jgy 1 Mar: ,, ‘Dec. |; brAwr: & G: H. Bow tes, Secretary. PRIZE ESSAYS. Due 15 Ocr. 1882.—Life-histories of Sclero- stoma syngamus and of Strongilus pergracilis. See PSYCHE, Vv. 3, p. 59. 96 PSYCHE. ADVERTISEMENTS should reach the editors by the 10th of the month preceding the one in which they are to appear. BLANK INSECT LABELS. No, 1.— 40 on a sheet. No. 2.—50 on a sheet. Blank Labels for Insects, of the sizes annexed, printed in red, on good quality of paper, at two cents a sheet, or sixty sheets for a dollar. Address B: PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. TORTRICIDAE WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American TORTRICIDAE as possible, for the pur- pose of studying this family. I shall be glad to name and return any TORTRICIDAE forwarded to me for this purpose, save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. Pack carefully, and direct to Pror. C. H. FERNALD, Orono, Me. PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION (PostPain), M 6.50 = $1.62. Entomologische Nachrichten, VI. Jahrg. 1880. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Katter. Baron vy. Harold, Entomological Museum of Berlin, says of this magazine :— “Tt is a complete repository of interesting and instruc_ tive notices ; of practical directions for collecting, observ_ ing, and preparing specimens; of proposals for exchange and sale of insects ; of literary information and notices of books; and correspondence. In short, it has proved itself the special organ for the encouragement and progress of the Science of Entomology.”’ May be obtained of all booksellers ; and from the publisher, A. DOSE, Pureus a. RUGEN, GERMANY. Back volumes may be had from the same, 1875 a 2.50 M; 1877 43 M; 187845 M; 1879 a 6.50 M. {@- European exchanges and communica- tions will receive more immediate attention by being addressed to GeorGE DimMock, Leipzig, Germany. LEPIDOPTERA. Living cocoons, pupae and ova of American lep- idoptera bought or exchanged for other species, by Monsieur ALFRED WAILLY, (Membre-Lauréat de la Société @Acclimatation de France ), 110 Clapham Road, London, 8. W., England. DIMMOCK’S SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES. No.1. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF JOHN L. LECONTE. Compiled by Samuel Henshaw. Edi- ted by George Dimmock. Nov. 1878. 11 p.t 19 12.5, Price, 30 cents; on 5 X 12.5 title-slips, $1.25. No, 2. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF GEORGE H. Horn. Compiled by Samuel Hen- shaw. Edited by George Dimmock. Jan. 1879. 6 p.t19X12.5. Price, 20 cents; on 5X 12.5 title- slips, 50 cents. No. 3. THE WRITINGS OF SAMUEL HUBPARD SCUD- DER. Compiled and edited by George Dimmock. Aug. 1879. 28p.t19X 12.5. Price 50 cents. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. FOR SALE. Pamphila Pontiac, Pamphila Dion, Anthocaris Olym- pia, Catocala insolabilis, and other lepidoptera. Address W. C. GALLAGHER, Whitings, Ind. FOR SALE. Single copies of PSYCHE. Price: 2 copies for 15 cts.; 4 copies for 20 cts. Nos. 37, 38, 39-40, 47-48, 51- 52, 55-56, 60, 61-62 (no plate), 64, 65, 66, 67, 68. Address: Editors of PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. GALLS AND GALL INSECTS. The undersigned desires, either by exchange or otherwise, Galls from all parts of the United States. He is especially interested in those made by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Diptera. Correspondence in reference to Gall growths, or other vegetable abnormities, is invited. CHARLES V. RILEY, Washington, D, C. No. 74 was issued 13 Aug. 1880. Set ri F., ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. [ Established in 1874. | EDITED BY Georce Dimmock, Cambridge, Mass.; B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. ; Abert J: Cook, Lansing, Mich.; Cuirrrorp CHase Eaton, Cambridge, Mass.; Joseph Duncan Putnam, Davenport, Iowa. Vol. 3. No. 76. Avec. 1880. CONTENTS: ADVERTISEMENTS z - 98 Tue Troput AND THEIR CurITINOUS Supports IN GRACILARIA.— George Dimmock 99-108 Proceepines oF Socretres— Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences, Philadelphia, Pa. BrerioGRaruicaL REcorD : é - : : Enromo.ocicat Irems — Society Meetings — Prize Essays ADVERTISEMENTS : - 104 : . . - 105-106 . : ° : em LOT : : . . . - 108 CampripcE, Mass., U. S. A.: PusiisHep By GEORGE DIMMOCK. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1. MONTHLY NUMEROS, 15 c. [Entered as second class mail matter.| 98 PSYCHE. PSYCHE, Orean of the Cambridge Entomological Club. —__— RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. (> Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed, Sample copies, postpaid, . - C 10 cents. Yearly subscription, postpaid, . . ; $1. One volume (three years), postpaid, . . $3. Yearly, printed on one side of thin paper (for pasting the titles of the bibliographical record on title-slips.) postpaid, . F 5 $1. One volume, printed on one side of thin paper, postpaid, - : : - 5 : $3 One volume (regular) and one volume on one side of thin paper, postpaid, . : - $5 Twenty-five extra copies, without change of from, to the author of any leading article, if ordered at the time of sending copy, Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in num- ber, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. 2a Scientific publications desired in exchange. ——- ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH— STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. £a= Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PsYcHE, and the advertising pages will be numbered consecutively with those of reading matter and indexed at the end of the volume. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subseribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, not for cash, free, at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the following rates:— Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, : - $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . a ele -60 Quarter ‘ es BL - - _ 1.25 1.00 Half os as <r * » 2.25 1.75 One <é oi < =~) 4200 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one half the above rates. Address Epirors or Psycue, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & Soun, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ MATERIALS FOR SALE. Klaeger’s best Insect-pins, 36 mm. long, no. 00-5; 39 mm. long, no. 00-7. Per 1000: no. 2-6, $1.10; oth- ers, $1.20. Per 5000, $5.00 and $5.50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Pins sold at these rates only in packages of 500; smaller lots, 20 cts. per 100; sam- ples, 6 cts. Double boxes, for storing, 10 & 25 & 35 em., 45 ets. Light mailing boxes, 17 X 22 cm., and half and quar- ter size, 10, 8, 6 cts. Cork in sheets 30 8.5 X 0.5 em., 12 cts. per sheet, $1.00 per 10 sheets. Stout glass tubes, for alcoholic specimens, 8 X 50 mm., 1060 mm., 1270 mm., $1.30, $1.40, $1.50 per 100; rubber stoppers for these, $1.00, $1.20, $1.50 per 100; tube and stopper, 3 cts. Other sizes of tubes and stoppers on hand or to order. Blank labels, red-bordered, 2214 mm., 35 cts. per 1000; 27X12 mm., 45 cts. per 1000. A set of 100 generic and 586 specific labels, printed on above blanks, for United States and Canadian butterflies, complete to 1876, $1.00. Twelve sheets of printed labels, containing the names of the North Ameri- can States and Territories, of months, and signs for sexes, 2 cts. a sheet, and 2 cts. postage. Photographs of Prodryas, the first known North American fossil butterfly; of the anatomy of the upper and of the under side of Harpalus caliginosus, and of the under side of Lucanus cervus: each 50 cts. Transportation on pins and labels, prepaid; on other goods extra. B: Pickman Mann, Cambridge, Mass. EARLY STAGES OF BUTTERFLIES WANTED. The undersigned desires to obtain, by exchange or otherwise, from all parts of the world, eggs, caterpillars and chrysalids of Diurnal Lepidop- tera. Dried specimens are preferred, especially of caterpillars, which should be prepared by in- flation. Correspondence is invited with persons engaged in the study of the early stages of butter- flies. S. H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY. The undersigned has for sale Entomologists’ ma- terials of all kinds, Insects, and Entomological books. Collections of insects for beginners or for schools furnished at reasonable rates. Several large collections of American and foreign insects, principally Coleoptera, for sale cheap. Books and materials in other branches of Nat- ural History procured for parties at a distance, at the lowest prices. Lists of books, specimens, etc., sent for 10 cents. E: P. AUSTIN, 46 East Newton St., Boston, Mass. iE euy ©deb bs. THE TROPHI AND THEIR CHITINOUS SUPPORTS IN GRACILARIA. BY GEORGE DIMMOCK, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. The papers upon Lithocolletis by Mr. V. T. Chambers, which have appeared from time to time in Psycue,' supplemented by the notes and figures on the same subject contained in his address as retiring presi- dent of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History,” inspired me with the desire to study further the mouth-parts of the larvae of Tineina, especially in their earlier stages. The abundance of Gracilaria syringelia in the leaves of the lilac (Sy- ringa vulgaris), about Leipzig this sum- mer, gave me plenty of material, and the opportunity of studying the larvae under the direction of Professor Leuckart was not lost. Altho the larvae were so numerous in some of the gardens about Leipzig that searcely a leaf of the lilac escaped their depredations, I attempted to learn but little of their mode of life. During their early stages, when they have the flattened larval form, they mine in the upper side of the leaf. They then have the form of head and mouth-parts represented in fig. 2, and their legs are mere rudiments. A little 1Psycue, Nov.—Dec. 1877 | April 1878], v. 2, p. 81-87; May—Aug. [Nov.] 1878, v. 2, p. 187-153; April 1879, v. 2, p. 227. later they assume the form of head and mouth-parts shown in fig. 3, and begin to eat away all the parenchyma of the leaf, leaving only the upper and lower epider- mis; still later they leave the mines and roll the ends of the leaves, feeding within the rolls. Upon changing the form of mouth-parts from that represented in figure 2 to that represented in fig. 4, true legs are developed, the secretion of silk is begun, and the larvae become more cylindrical. A striking resemblance to the changes which Mr. Chambers has observed in the cylindrical larvae of Lithocolletis is ob- served in the above-mentioned changes of the larvae of Gracilaria. as ten or fifteen larvae are found in a single blotch on the leaf. I succeeded in rearing the larvae easily by simply transferring Often as many leaves containing them to a box, in which I packed many leaves closely together. The leaves, thus packed, retained moisture and the larvae deserted the mines to wan- der about between the leaves, where they fed until ready for pupation. I am in- debted to Professor Zeller, for the determ- 2 Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., July 1879, also Separate, 22 p. [Psycue, Rec., no. 1805.] 100 ination of the species of Gracilaria which I have had under observation. In order to make the structure of the trophi and the arrangement of their chit- inous supports more clear, I have prepared fig. 2-4, to accompany the following de- scription. The head of the early form (fig. 2) is .much flattened. It has, upon its dorsal surface, two stout chitinous supports, which pass anteriorly toa point above the labrum, where they nearly meet, then turning lat- Fic. 2.— Ventral view of the head of Graci- laria syringella in its early larval stages: 0, la- brum; , mandible; 7, maxilla; p, antenna; a, b, d, e, f, 9, h, i, m, chitinous supports explained in the text; g, depression between the basal sup- port of the maxilla and the ventral surface of the head. erally and ventrally, at nearly right angles to their previous direction, they join with other chitinous supports to form the sockets of the mandibular joints. Posteriorly these two dorsal supports (the anterior portions of which are not seen in fig. 2) approxi- mate slightly and are connected by a trans- verse support (fig. 2, e) ; rapidly diverging again they join the ring which passes around the posterior portion of the head (fig. 2, f, m, g). From the lateral por- PSYCHE. tions of this ring there passes forward, on each side, a support (fig. 2, @), which turns suddenly inward and ventrally behind the antenna (fig. 2, p), and helps to form the socket of the joint of the mandible. About half way between the lateral supports (fig. 2, a) and the middle of the ventral portion of the head, on each side, there passes for- ward from the ring which surrounds the posterior portion of the head another sup- port (fig. 2, b), which also helps to form the socket of the mandibular joint. From the points where the last-mentioned sup- ports join the posterior ring, supports (fig. 2, d) pass anteriorly and obliquely toward the dorsal side of the head, joming the dor- sal supports about midway between e and the labrum. The labrum of the early form (fig. 2, 0) is supported beneath the d'verzent anterior extremities of the dorsal chitinous supports of the head in such a manner as to be ca- pable, not only of some protrusion and re- traction, but also of a slight lateral motion. The labrum is bilobed, each lobe bearing five incurved spines, and has a very delicate grooving (fig. 3, 0). The mandibles of the early form (fig. 2 and 3,7) are strongly chitinized. They are of a generally triangular form, strongly rounded on the outer side and toothed on the inner side. Two prominent apical teeth are followed by a number of smaller ones. On the under-side of each mandi- ble, near the middle of the proximal end, is a rounded protuberance, which fits into a socket formed by the union of the sup- ports a and 6b with the laterally divergent anterior portions of the dorsal supports of the head, thus forming the mandibular joint. The pinniform extensor muscles of PSYCHE. the mandibles have their insertion on the exterior proximal angle of each mandible and their origin on the chitin supports a and 6. The broadly pinniform flexor mus- cles of the mandibles have their insertion on the interior proximal angle of each mandible, and their origin on the chitinous supports @ and m and on those which pass anteriorly and posteriorly from the support e; they thus le dorsally and the extensors ventrally. The mandibles are directed ex- actly anteriorly, in the axis of the body ; and not ventrally. The maxillae (fig. 2 and 3, 7) and the labium (fig. 3, v) in the early form are attached to a common protrusile basis, the limits of which are partly indicated at -g (fig.2). The maxillae are very rudiment- ary, but that they are maxillae is shown by their being cleft, for if they were labial palpi they would not be cleft, but would probably be jointed. Further, as nearly as could be determined from a number of lar- vae found in the act of molting, at the time when they pass from the earlier to the later form, the maxillae of the later form were drawn from the skins of these cleft appen- dages. In still further support of the view that these mouth-parts are maxillae is their position, which is with their apical extrem- ities slightly above the level of the labium, as can easily be seen by careful focusing with a high-power objective. The max- illae of the early form, then, are only lat- eral, outwardly-curved processes, each side of, and attached to the same support as the labium. The labium of the early form (fig. 3, v) is bilobed, with a few delicate grooves and thickenings, and is covered distally with a rasp of fine spines. It can be protruded, 101 together with the maxillae, beyond the ex- tremities of the mandibles, and has a slight lateral motion. No traces of a spinneret are visible in the early form of larvae. The support common to the maxillae and labium consists of two chitinous rods (fig. 2, 7) passing posteriorly, diverging slightly, and then suddenly curving in- ward. The support is retracted by a mus- cle between the posterior ends of these chitinous rods (fig. 2, 4) and a part (fig. 2, 9) of the ring at the posterior portion of the head. I was unable to discover Fig. 3. — Comparison of the separated mouth- parts of the early and later larval stages of Gra- cilaria syringella : v, v’, labium of each form; t, labial palpus of later form. any opposing muscle, and I think the labio- _ maxillary support is protruded by the ac- tion of the fluids of the head. After the molting by which the larva enters upon its later or more cylindrical stages, the head becomes broader and thicker in proportion to its length, a few hairs appear on its .anterior portions, the mouth-parts are directed a little ventrally from the axis of the body (fig. 4), and the condition of the trophi and their supports is as follows : — The chitinous supports of the parts of the head are somewhat modified from what 102 they were in the early form of larva, altho they are only a further elaboration of the The support e (fig. 2) has become so reduced that the dorsal supports appear simply to cross one another (fig. 4, e). The supports which pass anteriorly from e have united at their ends to form a clypeus (not shown in the figure). The sup- port f (fig. 2), which was slender in the early form, has entirely disappeared. The supports @ and m remain essentially the same as they were in the early form, but d, which at first united almost directly with d, has become separated from it, to allow of the interposition of a support c, which passes forward and unites, at /, with a branch (k) from 6, the whole portion at / serving as attachment for a muscle to extend the labium and maxillae. The chitinous supports of the labium and maxillae have changed, as will be seen later. The labrum (fig. 4, 0; fig. 3, 0’) has nearly the same outline as in the early form. The anterior portion, especially in the very last larval stage, is beset with hairs. It has two oblique thickenings in each lobe, and a Y-shaped thickening through the mid- dle. The labrum is protrusile, retractile, and slightly movable laterally, as in the early form. The mandibles (fig. 4, n; fig. 3, n’) have characters similar to those which they had in the early form. The small teeth are, however, absent, and, in their place, a ridge extends along the under side of the mandible from the large apical teeth to the base. The origin and insertion of the extensor and flexor muscles are on places corresponding to their origin and insertion in the early form. same plan. PSYCHE. The maxillae in the later form (fig. 4, r; fig. 3, 7”) have undergone considerable change in their appearance from that in the early form. They are now of the form common to lepidopterous larvae —an out- ward jointed portion, the maxillary palpus, and a double inner jointed portion, the maxilla proper. The labium (fig. 3, v’) has, in the later form, developed a pair of jointed labial palpi and a tubular spinneret. The proxi- mal portion is hairy. Not only the spin- neret, but also the labium itself, can be Fie. 4. — Ventral view of the head of Gracila- ria syringella in its later larval stages: s, spin- neret; other letters as in fig. 2, or explained in text. turned under, so that the labial palpi are directed posteriorly. The position shown in fig. 8 is with extended labium; in fig. 4, with labium folded back. The supports which bore the labium and maxillae in the early stages (fig. 2, 7) are greatly modified in the later stages. The support 7 (fig. 4) divides posteriorly into two parts, between the ends of which ex- tends a support, A (fig. 4). The slightly developed line of demarcation between the PSYCHE. maxilla and the under surface of the head (fig. 2, 7) has become a clearly defined line, and the whole supporting framework of the labium and maxillae approaches a rectangular form, limited posteriorly by chitinous supports (fig. 4,2, h’). Muscles extend from these chitinous supports, h, h’, anteriorly to the chitinous rod / and pos- teriorly to the rod g. The action of these muscles protrudes or retracts the framework of the labium and maxillae, but, while the maxillae are simply pushed forward by this action, the labium is unfolded, or un- rolled, so as to assume the position shown in fig. 3, v’. If the form of the trophiin Gracilaria syringella, in its early larval stages, be compared with the form in the later larval stages, the modification of each part will be seen to increase in amount as the dis- tance from the anterior part of the head increases, that is, the mandibles change more than the labrum, the maxillae more than the mandibles, and the labium most of all. By comparing, on fig. 3, the mouth- parts of the early and later forms, the changes of the labrum are seen to be mostly in markings, and in the number of hairs or spines; the changes of the man- dible have been, to a slight extent, modifi- cations of form; the maxillae, while they existed before, are greatly modified in the later form; the labium most of all seems to have added to its structure and functions. This increase of complexity of the mouth- parts toward the labium, which becomes more and more striking at each successive stage in many insects, is probably coordin- ate with the relations which these parts have to the surfaces on which the larvae 103 walk, from which they feed, and, in many cases, on which they spin their silk. This successive development of organs coordinate with their functions is well exemplified in the larvae of Gracilaria, of Inthocolletis, of Phyllocnistis * and possibly of other Tineina, in which the early form of the larva is so different from its later form. In Gracilaria syringella, so long as the larvae feed only in a plane surface, and do not spin, no great difference is visi- ble between the mouth-parts above the mandibles and those below them. Both labrum and labium exercise their simplest functions of pushing the food between, and keeping it subject to the action of the man- dibles, and, perhaps, of sawing it out of the parenchyma by a lateral motion. But contemporaneous with the appearance of the later form of larval trophi, — the la- bium capable of turning under, and the better developed maxillae — the larva, now having its mandibles directed slightly ven- trally, acquires the power of eating verti- cally to the surface of the leaf, and of spinning threads in all directions. At the same time its feet are developed, later it eats out from its mine, and becomes free. An externally well-differentiated dorsal and ventral surface seems to have been acquired from the time when the larva ceased to be pressed dorsally and ventrally between the upper and lower epidermis of its mine. I have not had the opportunity to com- pare, by microscopic work, the larva of Gracilaria syringella with other larvae of Tineina; therefore the above observations may be regarded as quite incomplete. Leipzig, 15 Aug. 1880. 8PsycuE, May [July] 1880, v. 3, p. 67. 104 PSY CEH: CAMBRIDGE, MASS., AUG. 1880. Communications, exchanges and editors’ copies should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass. Communications for publication in PSYCHE must be properly authenticated, and no anonymous articles will be published. Editors and contributors are only responsible for the statements made in their own communications. Works on subjects not related to entomology will not be reviewed in PSYCHE. For rates of subscription and of advertising, see ad- vertising columns. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. [ Abstract from the Monthly proceedings, concluded Srom page 89.] 9 May 1879. — Mr. McCook described and fig- ured [Proc., p. 11, fig. 1,2] a nest of Tarentula tigrina n. sp., from New Jersey. Dr. G: H: Horn remarked upon Cantharis deserticola, Mycetina limbata, Dasycerus sulcatus, Adelops hirtus and Sarpedon scabrosus ; also upon the classification of the nitidulidae and the monotomidae ; he thought the latter family would probably have to be re- united with the lathridiidae. — p. 9-18. 9 JunE 1879. — Mr. C: A. Blake exhibited some rare lepidoptera; also an Actias luna % having an ocellus on the left fore wing, midway between the usual discal spot and the apex, and about 3 mm. beneath the costal margin, and having some of the colors on the wing suffused; also an A. luna Q, upon the wings of which the discal spots were irregular and the colors diffused; also a Junonia lavinia peculiarly colored. Mr. Blake remarked, with figures [Proc., p. 14], on the form and attachment of the wing-scales of some spe- cies of Morpho and Hipparchia. Dr. G: H: Horn communicated a table [Proc., p. 14-16] of the (13) North American species of Adelocera, with a list of changes and synonymy among the elate- ridae. Mr. E. T. Cresson described Jbalia rufipes, I. montana, and 6 species of Pterochilus from the western U. S., and Aulacus pallipes from Massa- chusetts, 9 n. sp. — p. 13-20. PS YCHE. 12 Sept. 1879.—Dr. G: H: Horn remarked upon the classification of the eucnemidae, with especial reference to Cerophytum and Perothops, “which should be excluded from the eucnemidae each to represent a sub-type of the greater elate- ride complex ” including the euenemidae, the ceb- rionidae, the throscidae, and the elateridae proper. Dr. Horn reviewed the dascyllidae, directing spe- cial attention to certain hitherto unnoticed char- acters in the related genera Eubria (which does not occur in our fauna), Ectopria |[Eurea}, Dicra- nopselaphus and Acneus n.g.; he also indicated the new genus Placonycha, of which Dicranopse- laphus edwardsii is the type. Mr. H: C. McCook exhibited an artificial formicary containing liy- ing specimens of Myrmecocystus mexicanus, and described the nests and habits of the ants. He also remarked upon the habits and architecture of Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. Mr. E. T. Cresson described 5 new species of Hucerceris from New Mexico, Colorado and Nevada. — p. 21-25. 14 Nov. 1879.— Dr. J: L. LeConte remarked upon his paper, entitled, “ Short studies on North American coleoptera.” Mr. E. T. Cresson de- scribed 10 new species of Metopius, 8 from Ne- yada and Colorado, and 1 each from Florida and Maryland. Dr. G: H: Horn described a case of dimorphism in Desmocerus auripennis 9 , consisting in a different size of markings and a different fineness of punctuation of the elytra, and men- tioned other instances of dimorphism in coleo- ptera, which occurs almost exclusively in the fe- male sex. —p. 26-31. 8 Dec. 1879.—Dr. J: L. LeConte remarked upon the structural peculiarities of Propalticus oculatus, one of the mycetophagidae from the Ha- waiian Islands. Dr. G: H: Horn described a de- formity in the left anterior tarsus of Cremasto- chilus saucws, the last joint of which seemed to be triple, and alluded to the tendency of deform- ities to exist by triplication. Mr. E. T. Cresson described 7 new species of Philanthus from the western U.S. The following officers were elected for the year 1880:— Director, J: Lawrence Le- Conte; Vice-Director, G: H: Horn; Recorder, James H. Ridings; Treasurer, Ezra Townsend Cresson ; Conservator, G: B. Cresson ; Publication Committee, G: H: Horn, S: Lewis. — p. 31-04. PSYCHE. [1805-1821] 105 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editors as soon as published. The date of publication, given in brackets |], marks the time at which the work was received, unless an earlier date of publication is known to recorder or editor. rectly from the work that is noticed. Unless otherwise stated each record is made di- Corrections of errors and notices of omissions are solicited. Chambers, Vactor Tousey. Annual address of ... President Cincinnati society of natural history. (Journ. Cine. soc. nat. hist., July Toso, V2, 00.2, p...- 1 pl.) Separate, with t.-p. cover, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1879, 22 p., 1 pl., 22.5 K 15.5, t 17 x 10.6. The metamorphoses of insects as illustrated i in the tineid genus /ithocolletis of Zeller. G: D. (1805) Curculio, Padded mallets for the. (Cultiva- tor and country gent., 3 June 1880, v. 45, no. 1427, p. 358, col. 3-4, 8 em.) Inefficiency of padded mallets as recommended by Prof. A. J: Cook in N. Y. tribune ; recommends striking with an axe or stone-hammer on an iron plug set in the tree. J.D. P. (1806) Currant worms. (Cultivator and country gent., 10 June 1880, v. 45, no. 1428, p. 376, col. 1,9 cm.) Directions for killing currant worms [nematus] by dust- ing the leaves with hellebore when the dew is on them. Ju. JE. L8oT) Cyanide of potassium. (Science,3 July 1880, v. 1, no. 1, p. 12, 7.5 cm.) Directions for making the compound (K CN). B: P. M. (1808) Cypriote bees and honey. (New remedies, July 1880, v. 9, p. 224, 5 cm.) Efforts to be made to bring Cyprian bees, in large num- bers, to America. G: D. (1809) Darwin, C: Die geschlechtlichen Firbungen gewisser Schmetterlinge. (Kosmos [Leipzig], April 1880, bd. 7, p. 72-74, 72 cm.) The change of color in diadema bolina and in a species of apatura when viewed from different directions, and the signification of this change. G: D. (1810) Deschange, Emile. Le chlorure de calcium. (Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, April 1880, an. 10, p. 83.) The author employs calcic chloride [Ca Cl2] in boxes, in his collection of insects, to prevent damage by moisture. G: D. (1811) Devereaux, Willard Loomis. Methods of de- stroying the tobacco worm. (Rural new yorker, 29 May 1880, v.39, no. 22, p. 342-344, 52 cm.) Habits of macrosila carolina. Recommends cultivation of oenothera